Transcript More than just your blood vessels and heart may be harmed from

The
Cardiovascular
System
The heart is the main organ that is used in the
circulatory system.
The circulatory system includes your heart,
blood, veins, capillaries, arteries, and your
lymphatic system.
Your heart creates pressure every time it beats,
pumping blood throughout your body.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart
an three types of blood vessels that carry
blood throughout your body.
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“Cardio”-means heart
“vascular”-means blood vessel
The capillaries, veins, and arteries
carry blood pumped by the heart.
Figure 1 p 606.
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Your heart is an organ made mostly of cardiac
muscle tissue. Your heart is about the size of
your fist and is almost in the center of your
chest cavity.
The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich
blood to the lungs.
The left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the
body.
The upper chamber is called an atrium
(artery) and the lower chamber is called a
ventricle.
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Between each atrium and ventricle
are flaplike structures called valves,
these prevent blood from being
pumped backwards.
Feel your heart, can you hear it
beating. The lub-dub, lub-dub
sound…That is the noise of the
valves closing.
In figure 3 it shows the flow of
blood throughout the heart.
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Arteries-carry blood away from the
heart, have thick walls, each heart beat
pumps blood into your arteries at high
pressure-this is your blood pressure.
Capillaries-tiny blood vessel that allows
gas exchange between the body cells
and blood, narrow walls making blood
cells to follow in a single file line, no
cell in the body is more than 3-4 cells
away from a capillary.
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Veins-after leaving the
capillary, blood enters
the veins, these carry
blood back to the heart,
valves keep blood from
flowing backwards in
the veins. When
skeleton muscles
contract they squeeze
the veins pushing blood
back to the heart
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the continuous movement of blood through the
heart and blood vessels, which is maintained
chiefly by the action of the heart, and by which
nutrients, oxygen, and internal secretions are
carried to and wastes are carried from the body
tissues.
Your heart pumps blood to the lungs where
carbon dioxide is leaves the blood and oxygen
is restored in the blood, then flowing back to
the heart and then being shipped out to the
other parts of the body.
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Pulmonary
circulation- moving
oxygen rich blood
from lungs to the
heart.
Systemic circulationmoving oxygen-rich
blood from the heart
to the rest of the body.
Figure 5 p 609
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More than just your blood vessels and heart
may be harmed from cardiovascular
problems. Smoking, high cholesterol,
physical inactivity, or heredity may cause
cardiovascular problems.
In the US the leading cause of death is heart
disease. The major cause of heart disease is
what we call athersclerosis. This happens
when cholesterol builds up in the inside of a
blood vessel. A clogged artery can cause a
heart attack.
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Atherosclerosis can also be caused by
hypertension, which is abnormal blood
pressure.
The higher the blood pressure the greater the
risk for a heart attack, heart failure, kidney
disease, and stroke.
Stroke-is when a blood vessel in the brain
becomes clogged or ruptures, leaving the
brain no way to get oxygen. This results in the
death of brain cells.
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A heart attack happens when muscle
cells die and part of the heart muscle
is damaged. Figure 7 p611
Heart failure happens when the
heart cannot pump enough blood to
meet the body’s needs. Resulting in
the damage of other vital organs.
Section
2: BLOOD
 Gas
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is to a car, as blood is to the body.
The human body has about 5 l of
blood circulating through it. Blood
is a connective tissue made up of
plasma, red blood cells, platelets,
and white blood cells. Blood cells
carry oxygen and nutrients to
different parts of your body.
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Plasma-fluid part of blood; mixture
of water minerals, nutrients, sugars,
proteins, and other substances;
RBC, WBC, and platelets are found
in plasma.
RBCs-RBCs have hemoglobin (an
oxygen carrying protein); gives
RBCs their color.
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Platelets-pieces of large cells found in
bones marrow; last for about 5-10 days;
form a clump when you cut yourself
(figure 2 p 613); release chemicals that
react with proteins in plasma causing
fibers to form causing a clot.
WBCs-help to keep you healthy by
destroying pathogens( bacteria or virus);
some look for pathogens while others
release antibodies (chemicals that
identify or destroy pathogens); most are
made in bone marrow.
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Your blood does not only deliver
oxygen to parts of your body, it also
regulates your body temperature.
 When your body temperature is rising
it signals blood vessels in your skin to
enlarge, allowing heat from your
blood to heat up your skin. When your
body temperature is normal-your
blood vessels go back to their original
size.
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Every time your
heart beats, it
pushes blood
out of the heart
and into your
arteries. The
force exerted by
blood on the
inside walls of
the arteries is
called blood
pressure.
Read the second
paragraph
under blood
pressure p 614.
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There are 4 blood types (A, B, AB, O) the letter refers
to the type of chemicals on the surface of the RBC’s. (A
has “A” antigens, B has “B” antigens, AB has both “A”
and “B” and O has neither).
Type
Can Receive
A
B
AB
O
A, O
B, O
All
O
Can Donate
to
A, AB
B, AB
AB only
All
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The group of organs andL
tissues that collect the
excess fluid and return it to
your blood.
Lymph- the fluid that is
collected by the lymphatic
vessels and nodes.
Lymph nodes-small bean
shaped groups of tissues
that remove pathogens and
dead cells from the lymph.
Found in the armpit, necj
and groin.
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Lymphocytes-made in
bone marrow and fight
off pathogens.
 T cells: destroy
pathogens
 B cells: produce
antibodies
Thymus-gland that
produces T cells
Spleen-largest, stores and
produces lymphocytes.
Tonsils-defend against
infection, trap pathogens
that enter the throat.
Respiration-the process by which a
body gets and uses oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide and water.
1. Inhale and exhale
2. Cellular respiration
 The respiratory system takes in
oxygen and releases carbon
dioxide.
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