Transcript Human Body Systems

Human Body Systems
Chapter 3
5th Grade Science
The Body’s Transportation System
system
• A ___________
is a group of smaller parts
working together to get a job done
• The body has a transportation system to move
food
oxygen
_______
and _________
to each cell
• The transportation system also takes the cells
_________
away.
waste
• The transportation system of the body is the
_________________
Circulatory system
The Circulatory System
• The circulatory system includes:
heart
– _________
– _________
blood
– ________________
Blood vessels
structure
Each part of the system has __________
that helps
it perform its necessary function.
The circulatory system consists of
THREE elements
Functions of the Blood
Blood
• _________has
several different parts, each
part has a different function
• The biggest part of the blood is made up of a
plasma
liquid called _________.
• The cells in the body depend on the plasma to
Digestive system to the cells
carry food from the ____________
water
• Cells get _________
from the plasma
Plasma
• _________moves
other important chemicals
and hormones around the body
Blood Cells
• There are three types of blood cells:
– Red blood cells
– White Blood Cells
– Platelets
food
• Cells need oxygen to get energy from _______.
Red Blood Cells are bright red when they are
• ___________
carrying _________.
oxygen
• After the cells give the oxygen to the cells that
dark
need it, their color changes to ________
red.
Parts of the Blood
• _______________
White blood cells protect the body against germs and
harmful things
• The number of white blood cells is always changing – the
body will make more white blood cells when it needs to
fight
________
infection.
platelets
• _____________
are pieces of cells that float in the blood
platelets
• _____________help
to stop bleeding by clotting
plasma
• ___________
makes up more than half of the blood
Blood cells
• Red
______________
make up a little less than half of the
blood
White Blood Cells and ______________
platelets
• ________________
make up a very
small portion of the blood.
Types of Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Form
Shaped like discs
with a dimple on
each side
Different shapes
and sizes that
change as they
work
Not complete cells
Function
Carry oxygen to the
rest of the body
Protect your body
from germs and
other harmful
things
Form blood clots
Disorder
Sickle-cell anemia –
blood cells are
shaped like a
crescent moon.
They do not carry
oxygen as well as
they should.
Leukemia is a type
of cancer where the
person’s white
blood cells do not
form correctly and
their numbers
increase too quickly
An embolism is a
clot that floats
freely in the blood
and can block a
vessel
Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
• __________can
be thought of as highways
Blood Vessels
that your blood uses to move through your
body.
• Three kinds of blood vessels:
– ____________
arteries
– ____________
capillaries
– _____________
Veins
Each different blood vessel has a different
Structure
___________
that helps it do its job.
Arteries
Arteries
• __________
are blood vessels that carry blood
away from the heart to other parts of the
body
• Arteries have ________,
muscular walls that
thick
stretch when the heart pumps blood to it.
• Arteries branch into smaller and smaller tubes
until they branch into the smallest blood
vessel in the body, the ________.
capillaries
Capillaries
cell
• The walls of the capillaries are only one _____
thick.
red blood cells
• The tubes are so narrow that ____________
must travel in a single file line through them
Gases can easily pass through these thin walls
• _____
oxygen moves from the blood into the capillaries
• ______
to the cells
Carbon dioxide
• _____________
and other wastes go in the
opposite direction from oxygen through the
capillaries
Veins
• Capillaries join together to form _________
veins
• _____
veins carry blood from cells back to the heart
• The tiny veins formed by the capillaries join many
times to form larger ____
veins.
• Veins have _____-flaps
that act like doors to keep
valves
blood flowing in one direction.
• Arteries and capillaries do not have ________
valves
• The pumping of the heart keeps blood flowing in
the right direction through the capillaries and
arteries.
COOL FACT
The network of blood
vessels in the average
adult human measures
over 60,000 miles! If
unraveled, it could wrap
around the Earth’s
equator over two times!
Arteries & Veins
• The largest ARTERY in the body is the AORTA,
which carries blood away from the heart to the
rest of the body (except for the lungs).
• The two largest VEINS in the body are the
superior and inferior VENA CAVA, which carry
blood toward the heart from the rest of the
body (except for the lungs).
The Heart
The word “cardio” is Greek for “HEART”
The human heart (as with other mammals and
birds) consists of 4 chambers
Chambers of the Heart
There are two ATRIA,
or upper
chambers.
There are two
VENTRICLES, or
lower chambers.