Transcript Chapt05 Lecture 13ed Pt 3

Human Biology
Sylvia S. Mader
Michael Windelspecht
Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System:
Heart and Blood Vessels
Lecture Outline
Part 3
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1
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
How is blood pressure categorized?
2
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
What is important about blood flow?
• Blood flow is under the highest pressure in the
arteries but remember the thick, muscular
walls.
• Blood flow is slower in the capillaries which is
important to allow time for exchange between
cells.
• Blood pressure is minimal in the veins and
venules but blood flow increases.
3
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
What is important about blood flow?
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arteries
arterioles capillaries
venules
Relative magnitude
blood
pressure
veins
total
cross-sectional
area of
vessels
velocity
Blood flow (starting from heart)
Figure 5.8 Blood velocity and
pressure in the blood vessels.
4
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System
If blood pressure is so low in the veins,
why does the blood flow increase?
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to heart
to heart
• They have help.
1. Skeletal muscle
contraction
2. Breathing
3. Valves
Figure 5.9 The skeletal muscle
pump.
a. Contracted skeletal
muscle pushes blood
past open valve.
b. Closed valve prevents
backward flow of blood.
5
5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
What are the 2 cardiovascular pathways
in the body?
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CO2
head and arms
jugular vein
(also subclavian
vein from arms)
• _____________ – the right
side of the heart that brings
blood from the body to the
heart and the lungs
O2
carotid artery
(also subclavian
artery to arms)
CO2
O2
O2
CO2
lungs
pulmonary
artery
pulmonary
vein
superior
vena cava
aorta
heart
• _____________ – the left
side of the heart that brings
blood to the entire body to
deliver nutrients and rid it of
wastes
inferior
vena cava
hepatic
vein
intestinal
artery
digestive
tract
liver
hepatic
portal
vein
renal
artery
renal
vein
kidneys
iliac vein
O2
CO2
Figure 5.10 Overview of the cardiovascular system.
iliac
artery
trunk and legs
6
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5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
common
carotid artery
internal
jugular vein
superior
vena cava
external
jugular vein
subclavian
artery
subclavian
vein
inferior
vena cava
renal artery
renal vein
abdominal
aorta
inferior
mesenteric
artery
common
iliac artery
mesenteric
vein
common
iliac vein
femoral
artery
femoral
vein
great
sphenoid
vein
Figure 5.11 The major arteries
and veins of the systemic circuit.
7
5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
The heart’s blood supply:
Coronary circulation
• There are small coronary arteries that supply
the heart.
• They are __________ from the systemic and
pulmonary pathways of the body.
8
5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
What is the hepatic portal
system?
• It is a system that brings amino acid- and glucoserich blood from the digestive tract to the _____.
• The liver synthesizes blood proteins and stores the
glucose as glycogen.
• The liver also plays a role in __________ blood from
the digestive tract.
• Finally, the blood will return to the heart via the
_____________.
9
5.6 Exchange at the Capillaries
Exchange at the capillary beds is primarily a
result of osmotic and blood pressure
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from heart
to heart
Arterial End
Tissue Fluid
Blood pressure is higher
than osmotic pressure.
oxygen amino
carbon
Net pressure out.
glucose dioxide
acids
water
wastes
Venous End
Osmotic pressure is higher
than blood pressure.
Net pressure in.
water
salt
arteriole
smooth
muscle fiber
plasma
protein
osmotic pressure
blood pressure
Figure 5.12 The movement of solutes in a capillary bed.
venule
10
5.6 Exchange at the Capillaries
Exchange at the capillaries
• Lymphatic capillary beds lie alongside
capillary beds.
• When lymphatic capillaries take up excess
fluid it becomes lymph.
• Lymph returns to the cardiovascular veins in
the chest.
• Precapillary sphincters can shut down a blood
capillary, and blood then flows through the
shunt.
11
5.6 Exchange at the Capillaries
Exchange at the capillaries
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arteriole tissue
cells
lymphatic blood lymphatic
capillary capillary
duct
Figure 5.13 Interaction of lymphatic and capillary beds.
venule
12
5.7 Cardiovascular Disorders
Why should we care about
cardiovascular disease?
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most
common cause of _______ in the Western
world.
13