Transcript CPR Lab
Medical Emergencies Know what to do in an emergency! Steps to take in an emergency • First aid is the immediate care given to someone who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be provided. • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a first aid procedure to restore breathing and circulation. Secondary Survey • Head to toe examination Fractures • A fracture is a break in a bone. A dislocation occurs when a bone is forced from its normal position within a joint. First Aid for Fractures • • • • • Stop any bleeding Immobilize area – do not realign the bone Apply splint above and below fracture site Apply ice Treat for shock – lay flat on back with feet elevated, if possible. Sprains and Bruises • • • • • P = protect injured part R = rest the injured area I = ice C = compress the part with a bandage E = elevate the part above the level of the heart Arm Splint Arm Sling Leg Splints Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion • • • • • • • • Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, Weakness, headache, muscle cramps dizziness. Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion • • • • • • • • • • • Symptoms and signs of heat stroke include: high body temperature, the absence of sweating, with hot red or flushed dry skin, rapid pulse, difficulty breathing, strange behavior, hallucinations, confusion, agitation, disorientation, Seizure and Stroke Be Careful When It Gets Hot! Hypothermia and Frostbite • • • • • • • • • • • • Signs of Hypothermia Shivering Clumsiness or lack of coordination Slurred speech or mumbling Stumbling Confusion or difficulty thinking Poor decision making, such as trying to remove warm clothes Drowsiness or very low energy Apathy, or lack of concern about one's condition Progressive loss of consciousness Weak pulse Shallow breathing Hypothermia and Frostbite • Signs of Frostbite • In superficial frostbite, you may experience burning, numbness, tingling, itching, or cold sensations in the affected areas. The regions appear white and frozen, but if you press on them, they retain some resistance. • In deep frostbite, there is an initial decrease in sensation that is eventually completely lost. Swelling and blood-filled blisters are noted over white or yellowish skin that looks waxy and turns a purplish blue as it rewarms. The area is hard, has no resistance when pressed on, and may even appear blackened and dead. • The affected person will experience significant pain as the areas are rewarmed and blood flow reestablished. A dull continuous ache transforms into a throbbing sensation in 2 to 3 days. This may last weeks to months until final tissue separation is complete. • At first the areas may appear deceptively healthy. Most people do not arrive at the doctor with frozen, dead tissue. Only time can reveal the final amount of tissue damage. Frostbite First-aid • Frostbite • Hypothermia • Get out of the cold • Cover with sterile dressing • Separate toes and fingers with cotton balls • Don’t rub area • Call 911 • Check vitals • Remove wet clothes and cover with dry • Apply warm packs to neck, chest, and groin • Warm the core Shoulder and Feet Drag Stopping Severe Bleeding Cover the wound with a clean cloth and press firmly against the wound. If the cloth becomes soaked with blood, simply add another one on top of the existing one Elevate the wound above the level of the heart to slow blood flow. If bleeding does not stop, then apply pressure to a main artery leading to the wound. Squeeze the artery against the bone. • Poisoning: call 911 or poison control and follow the instructions you receive. Keep the container of poison. Check the victim’s breathing and vitals. • Broken bones: keep the person still until help arrives. • Sprains and bruises: tell the victim to use the RICE formula (R=rest, I=ice, C= compression, and E= elevation).