Transcript ice.pps

Cold Weather
Working in Cold Conditions
Cold Workplaces
 Roofs in cold weather
 Bridges near large
bodies of water
 High buildings
exposed to wind
 Refrigerated rooms
or containers
 Commercial fishing areas
 Steel structures that retain cold
 Unheated warehouses in cold climates
Goals
 Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
 Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
 Quiz
Body reacts to cold by:
 Trying to maintain core
temperature of 98.6ºF
 Decreasing blood flow
to extremities to prevent
heat loss which
– Keeps internal organs warm
– Increases chance of frostbite
 Shivering generates heat
Hypothermia
 Progressive loss of body heat
 Accelerated when person is wet
 Most cases occur in air temperatures
between 30ºF and 50ºF
 Can occur in air temperatures as high as 65ºF
 Occurs in water at 72ºF
Mild Hypothermia
 Shivering and
chattering teeth
 Blue lips and fingers
 Poor coordination
Moderate Hypothermia
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Mental impairment and confusion
Disorientation and poor decision making
Inability to take precautions from the cold
Slower heart rate and breathing rate
Slurred speech
Severe Hypothermia
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Resembles death
Unconsciousness
Irregular or hard-to-find pulse
No shivering
No detectable breathing
First Aid for Hypothermia
 Move victim to shelter
 Remove wet clothing
and wrap victim in
warm covers
 Apply direct body heat
 Re-warm neck, chest,
abdomen, and groin first
 Give warm, sweet drinks if conscious
 Monitor breathing, administer CPR
 Get medical help
Frostbite
 Exposure to severe cold or contact
with cold objects
 Affects fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, and ears
 Tissue freezes at 30ºF
 May cause gangrene
 More susceptible to future frostbite
 Tissue death—amputation or loss of function
Frostbite Symptoms
 Sensations of coldness
 Tingling, stinging,
or aching sensation
 Skin feels numb and
cold to the touch
 Skin is waxy and
appears white
 Blistering, turning red, then black
First Aid for Frostbite
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Warm gradually with body heat
Do not rub—may result in more tissue damage
Use water between 102°F-110°F
Apply sterile dressing to blisters
Do not thaw if risk of re-freezing
Get medical attention; thaw at hospital
Goals
 Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
 Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
 Quiz
Environmental Cold
Stress Factors
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Low temperature
Cool, high winds
Dampness
Cold water
Wind Chill Temperatures
 Combined effect of air temperature and
air movement
Wind (mph) Temp eatu
r r e(ūF)
Calm
10 m p
20 m p
30 m p
40 m p
h
h
h
h
40 30 20 10
0
-10
-20 -30 -40
34
30
28
27
-16
-22
-26
-29
-28
-35
-39
-43
-41
-48
-53
-57
21
17
15
13
9
4
1
-1
-4
-9
-12
-15
-53
-61
-67
-71
-66
-74
-78
-82
Other Risk Factors
 Inadequate or wet clothing
 Drug use or certain
medications
 A cold or certain diseases
 Male gender
 Age
 Heart condition
 Physical condition
Environmental Protection
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Heated shelters
Windscreens
On-site sources of heat
Thermally insulated
tools and work surfaces
Administrative Controls
 Work and Warm-up Schedule for 4-hour Shift
Wind C hill Temp .
Max . W oPeriod
rk
N umb er of Brea k s
-20 F a n dW arme r
-30 F
-40 F
-45 F
-50 F
C old er
2 h o us r
1
75 minutes
2
55 minutes
3
40 minutes
4
30 minutes
5
Cea s e N merg
o n e e n cW
y ork
Protective Clothing
 Several layers of clothing
 Synthetic fibers next to
skin to whisk away sweat
 Water-repellent, windresistant outer clothing
 Hats, hoods, or face covers
 Insulated, waterproof footgear
 Insulated, waterproof gloves
 Change of clothing available
Hand Protection
 Wear gloves when fine manual dexterity
is not required
 Use tools and machine controls designed
for gloved hand operation
 Limit bare hand work to 10-20 minutes
when < 60ºF
 Use warm air jets, radiant heaters, contact
warm plates
 Use metal handles covered by thermal
insulating material
 Prevent contact frostbite when near metal
surfaces < 20ºF
Other Protective Controls
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Be medically fit
Eat high calorie foods
Consume warm, sweet drinks and soups
Avoid coffee
Stay in good physical condition
Safe Work Practices
 Avoid heavy perspiration
 Work in the warmest
hours of the day
 Minimize prolonged
sitting, standing
 Allow time to
adjust to cold
 Do not work alone
 Watch for symptoms of cold-related illness
Goals
 Cold-Related Illnesses and injuries
and first aid Treatment
 Risk Factors and Prevention Measures
 Quiz
Summary
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Symptoms of hypothermia and frostbite
First aid treatment
Wind chill factor
Engineering and administrative controls
Protective clothing and staying dry
Quiz
1. The body responds to cold by shivering and
_____________________________________
2. Hypothermia can occur in air temperatures
as high as 65ºF.
True or False
3. Describe at least three symptoms of hypothermia.
4. Describe at least one form of environmental
protection for workers in the field.
5. Other risk factors of cold-related illness include:
certain medication, certain diseases, age, and
physical condition.
True or False
Quiz (cont.)
6. Drinking coffee will help workers stay warm.
True or False
7. Describe at least three symptoms of frostbite.
8. Warm up frostbitten areas by rubbing gently.
True or False
9. Environmental cold stress factors include:
temperature, wind, and __________________
10.Administrative controls, such as __________, can
be used to protect workers from overexposure to
cold conditions
Quiz Answers
1. Decreasing blood flow to the extremities
2. True, when other contributing factors
are present
3. Confusion, disorientation, slow heart rate and
breathing, shivering, blue lips, poor coordination,
slurred speech
4. Heated shelters, windscreens, heat sources, thermal
insulated tools
5. True
Quiz Answers (cont.)
6. False, coffee increases blood flow to the extremities
7. Cold sensation, tingling, aching, numbness,
white skin, waxy skin
8. False, rubbing will contribute to the skin damage
9. Dampness
10. Limiting work time or taking additional breaks