Transcript The Cardiovascular System: Structure Function and Measurement

The Cardiovascular System:
Structure Function and
Measurement
Chapter 9
Organs of the Cardiovascular
System
Heart
Blood vessels
– Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
– Veins
Venules
The Heart
Muscular organ the size of a
fist
Four chambers – L/R
Ventricles L/R Atria
Endocardium- lines the
heart chambers
Myocardium- muscle layer
Pericardium- membranous
outer covering
Atria
Right Atrium (RA)right upper chamberreceives blood from
body- deoxygenated
blood
Left atrium (LA)- left
upper heart.- receives
oxygenated blood
from lungs and sends
it to the left ventricle
Ventricles
Right ventricle- (RV)right lower chamberreceives blood from right
atrium and sends it to the
lungs through pulmonary
artery
Left Ventricle (LV)- lower
left chamber- receives
blood from left atrium and
sends it through the aorta
to the body.
Aorta: The main
trunk of the
systemic arteries,
carrying blood
from the left side
of the heart to the
arteries of all limbs
and organs.
Pulmonary
Artery carries
blood to lungs
Aorta
pulmonary artery
Left
Atrium
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid
valve controls
blood flow
between the
right atrium
and ventricle
Mitral valve
controls blood
movement
between the
left atrium and
ventricle
Left
Atrium
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Tricuspid
Valve
Left
Ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
valve controls
blood movement
from right
ventricle into
pulmonary artery
The aortic valve
controls blood
flow from the left
ventricle to the
aorta
Mitral Valve
Left
Atrium
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Tricuspid
Valve
Left
Ventricle
Aortic valve
Arteries
Arteries- tubes that
carry blood away from
the heart.
Muscular elastic walls
Form arterioles which
form capillaries
Carry blood and oxygen
to the body cells
Coronary Arteries
Supply blood to the
heart muscle.
The heart needs a
large amount of
blood and 5-7% of
blood flows
through the
coronary arteries.
Veins
Veins- tubes that carry
blood toward the heart
Thinner muscular walls
Carry blood back to
heart
Cuplike valves to help
move blood
Capillaries
Capillaries- tubes that
connect arteries and
veins
Walls only one cell
thick
Site for exchange of
nutrients and oxygen
from blood cells and
carbon dioxide and
wastes to the blood
Blood
The body contains 4 to
6 quarts
Contains Plasma:
antibodies, nutrients,
gases, waste products
Produced in bone
marrow
White and red blood
cells
Measuring Cardiac Function
Blood Pressure
Electrocardiogram
Stress Test
Angiography
Blood Pressure
Measure of fluid
pressure within
system
Systolic Pressure:
Pressure generated
by contraction
Diastolic Pressure:
Pressure achieved
between
contractions.
SBP reflects the amount
of work the heart is
performing
DBP indicates the
amount of peripheral
resistance encountered
Arterial pressure
increases with age, DBP
more than SBP
With aging, major blood
vessels increase in
Electrocardiogram
Measure of the
electrical activity of
the heart
Stress Test
ECG during
exercise
Angiography
Cardiac catheterization
Inject dye into heart
X-ray to examine blockages