Transcript Cardiac Physiology Relation to Cardiac Anatomy

Cardiac Physiology Relation to
Cardiac Anatomy &
Conduction System of the
Heart
Definition :
• It is a hollow muscular organ located in the
center of the chest cavity (mediastinum) and
rests on the diaphragm
Size of the heart :
• Heart weights approximately 300gm
• It’s size are influenced by
 Age
 Gender
Body weight
 Also influenced by the extent of exercises
and heart diseases
Coverings and Wall
Consist of three layers:
Pericardium: Tightly hugs the external surface of
the heart and It’s part of the heart wall
Myocardium: consist of thick bundles of
cardiac
muscles, It is the layer that actually
contracts
Endocardium: consist of endothelial tissue and
lines the inside of the heart & valves
Chambers of the Heart
The heart consist of four hollow chambers:
• The two atria ( singular atrium )
• The two ventricles
-Right atrium : Received non Oxygenated blood by the
vena cava from all body parts
- Left atrium : Received Oxygenated
blood from the lungs by four
pulmonary veins
- Right ventricle : Received non
Oxygenated blood from the right
atrium and pumped it through of the
two pulmonary arteries to the lungs
- Left ventricle : Has wall that are
three times thickness of the right
ventricle. Received Oxygenated blood
from the left atrium has to be pumped
through out the body
•Great vessels
• Superior and inferior vena cava :
Hold relatively oxygen poor blood from all
body parts to the right atrium
• Pulmonary arteries:
Carry blood from right ventricle to
the lungs where oxygen is picked
up and carbon dioxide is unloaded
• Four pulmonary veins :
Carry the Oxygen rich blood from the
lungs to the left atrium
• Aorta ( Main Great Vessel ):
Oxygenated blood pumped through
it to the all body parts
Coronary Arteries
• The left and right coronary arteries
and their branches supply arterial
blood to the heart
• These arteries originate from
the aorta just above the aortic
valve leaflets
• The heart has large metabolic
requirement, extracting approximately
70- 80% of the oxygen delivered
Coronary Veins
• The veins that drains
blood from the muscular
tissue of the heart and
empties into the coronary
sinus
The Coronary Sinus
• Located posteriorly in
the coronary sulcus,
enters the right atrium
near the tricuspid valve,
the entry point in guarded
by an incomplete valvethe besius valve
The Heart Valves
The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow
between the right atrium and right ventricle
The pulmonary valve controls blood flow
from the right ventricle into the pulmonary
arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick
up oxygen
The mitral valve (bicuspid) lets oxygen
rich blood from your lungs pass from the
left atrium into the left ventricle
The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen
rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into
the aorta, your body's largest artery, where it
is delivered to the rest of your body