Transcript Circulatory System

Circulatory System
(Cardiovascular System)
Functions of the Circulatory System
Transport of oxygen, nutrients and
waste products throughout the body
 Helps regulate body temperature

Components

Blood
–
–

Heart
–
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Nutrient rich liquid has everything your cells need to
survive
It also collects the waste products your cells produce
Primary organ that pumps blood throughout body
Blood Vessels
–
Vessel throughout the body that carry the blood
1. Arteries-carry blood away from heart
2. Veins- carry blood towards the heart
3. Capillaries- very small vessels in between arteries and veins
1.
2.
-very thin walled
-site of nutrient and waste exchange between circ. system and cells
THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION:
1.
Systemic: arteries bring oxygenated blood to body cells and veins
return deoxygenated blood back to heart
2. Pulmonary: pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the
lungs to release CO2 and pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back
to the heart
3. Coronary: arteries supply the heart itself with oxygenated blood and
veins carry waste products away
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC
Central Organ

The Heart – a fist sized muscular
organ that pumps blood through a
network of blood vessels
The Heart
a “double pump”
A septum (wall) vertically divides into two sides
 Right- pumps blood to the lungs
 Left- pumps blood to the other parts of the body
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Upper chambers- atrium
– Collect blood
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Lower chambers- ventricles
– Pump blood
Heart Valves
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Valves- Flap of tissue that open in only
one direction. Valves prevent blood
from flowing backwards.
Stucture of the Heart
Superior Vena Cava
Aorta
Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the
upper part of the body
Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left
ventricle to the body
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Bring oxygen-poor blood to the
lungs
Bring oxygen-rich blood each of the
lungs to the left atrium
Left Atrium
Collects oxygen
rich blood from
pulmonary veins
Pulmonary Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the
right ventricle after it has entered the
pulmonary artery
Aortic Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the left
ventricle after it has entered the aorta
Right Atrium
Collects oygen poor
blood from Vena Cavas
Mitral (Biscupid)Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back into the left
atrium after it has entered the left ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back
into the right atrium after it has
entered the right ventricle
Left Ventricle
Propels Oxygen rich blood into Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Right Ventricle
Large Vein that brings oxygen-poor
blood from the lower part of the
body
Propels oxygen poor blood
into Pulmonary arteries
towards lungs
Septum
Simplified flow: print and fill in details
9
Electrical conduction system:
specialized cardiac muscle cells can carry impulses throughout the
heart muscle, signaling the chambers to contract in the proper
sequence
(Explanation in next slides)
10
Conduction
system
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SA node (sinoatrial)
– Known as the “pacemaker”
– In dorsal wall Right Atrium
– Site of connection be nervous system and heart
– Sets basic rate: 60-80 beats per minute
– Impulse sent from SA node to atria causing R. and
L. Atrium to contract
– Impulse also sent to AV node (atrioventricular)
Conduction
system
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AV node
– Located in the base of the Right Atrium near
the Septum
– Delays the impulse slightly which allows atria to
finish their contraction before the ventricles
begin their contraction
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Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
– In Septum (wall between R & L Ventricle)
– Carries from AV node through to Purkinje Fibers
located in the apex of the heart
Conduction
system
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Purkinje Fibers
– Start at Apex (bottom of the heart)
– Relay impulse upward through the ventricular
walls
– Cause ventricles to Contract
Regulation of Heart Beat
Nervous system can speed up or slow
down speed of heart beat depending on
need
 What do you think the maximum beats
per minute your heart is caple of?
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BLOOD
Composition of Blood
55% PLASMA- fluid portion of blood
* similar to salt water
-90% water
-10% dissolved salts, nutrients, wastes,
hormones ect…
45% SUSPENDED MATERIALS- “free floating”
cells/platelets
*Red blood cells = ERYTHROCYTES
-carry oxygen
-oxygen attaches to hemoglobin protein
produced by these cells
*White blood cells = LEUKOCYTES
-fight disease and foreign invaders
*platelets = THROMBOCYTES
-blood clotting proteins (stop bleeding)
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How much blood does the average adult
have?
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Interesting Fact
Blood cells are made in
the bone marrow, the
material in the center of
the bones. The body will
replenish the elements given
during a blood donation – some in
a matter of hours and others in a
matter of weeks.
Blood Grouping
Key Term

Antigens- substances, usually proteins, on
surface of cells or particles.
– Serve as “ID Cards” for living things
 Our Immune System will attack cells or particles
that do not match cells our own body
– Create ABo blood group
– Also create Rh+/Rh- blood group
ABo Blood Grouping
A
antigens
ONLY
B
antigens
ONLY
A&B
antigens
No
antigens
Abo Groups and Blood Transfusions
Type A- may receive Type A or Type O Blood
Type B- may receive Type B or Type O Blood
Type AB- may receive Type A, Type B, Type AB or Type O Blood
Type O- may only receive Type O Blood
Rh Factor

Rhesus protein- may or may not be present
Rh Factor and Blood Transfusions
Rh+ individuals may receive Rh+ or Rh- blood
Rh- individuals may only receive Rh- blood
Who is a universal donor?
Who is a universal recipient?
Blood
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Blood is 45% cells and 55% plasma
Blood Cells:
1. Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen
2. White Blood Cells: fight disease
3. Platelets: stop bleeding by scabbing
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Blood Plasma:
– 90% water
– 10% nutrients and hormones
Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
Vast network that keep the blood flowing in
one direction
1. Arteries and arterioles- carry blood
away from the heart.
Arteries are large, muscular vessels. They
are strong and elastic which allow them to
stretch as blood enters from the heart.
2. Arterioles are smaller and less muscular in
size and turn into capillaries
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Blood Vessels
3. Capillaries – tiny blood vessels in
networks that allows exchange of material
through diffusion, between blood and cells
in tissue
4. Veinuoles- small blood vessels that carry
deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries.
They turn into veins.
5. Veins- large blood vessels that carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart. Veins have
valves which prevents blood from flowing
backwards.
Blood Vessels
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is a measure of the force
exerted by the blood on the wall of the
arteries.
– An example is 120/80 (systolic
pressure/diastolic pressure.
 Systolic pressure is the result of the contraction of
the ventricles (normal 110-140)
 Diastolic pressure is during the ventricle relaxation
(normal 70-90)
Hypertension

High Blood Pressure
– Stage 1 Systolic 140-159, Diastolic 90-99
– Stage 2 Systolic 160+, Diastolic 100+