Transcript Cardiovascular Disease - Santiago Canyon College

MANAGING CARDIOVASCULAR
HEALTH
Cardiovascular diseases kill more
women than any other disease,
including lung or breast cancer.
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FACTS ABOUT CVD
• More prevalent in men ages 25-40 yet more deadly in
women
• African American have greater risk for HBP, CAD, CHD,
and highest rate of CVD death
• Hispanic and Native American women have prevalence of
diabetes due to obesity which is a controllable risk factor
that leads to CVD
• Because a woman’s heart and blood vessels are typically
smaller, less plaque is needed for blockage
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ANATOMY OF THE HEART
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The heart is made up of 4 chambers
Right and Left Atriums
Right and Left Ventricles
Tricuspid, Bicuspid, Aortic Valves
The septum divides the heart into rt and lft sides
It is a muscular organ @ the size of a mans fist
The heart beats 100,000X/day at@ 72BPM
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VASCULAR SYSTEM
• The vascular system is comprised of 60,000 miles
of blood vessels
• Aorta
• Arteries
• Arterioles
• Vena Cava
• Veins
• Venules
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Capillaries
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HEALTH
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
• 4-6 Quarts of blood are circulated through the blood
vessels per day
• RBCs carry O2 and CO2
• There are @ 4,000,000 - 5,000,000 per CuMm
• WBCs act as scavengers that rid the blood of bacteria and
waste
• There are @ 5,000-10,000 and they make up the Immune
system
• Platelets aid in coagulation
• Plasma is the liquid part of blood
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CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
• Blood enters the Rt. Atrium via the SVC and IVC
• It flows down through the tricuspid valve to the Lf.
Ventricle where it passes through the pulmonary valve
down to the lungs
• Blood releases wastes an CO2 and picks up O2 and
nutrients
• It travels up to the Lf. Atrium down through the bicuspid
valve to the Lf. Ventricle
• Which is the most critical chamber of the heart
• It is pumped out by the Aorta and circulates to all the cells
of the body
• Circulation depends on the normal electrical function of
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the hearts sinus rhythm
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TYPES OF HEART DISEASE
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ATHEROSCLROSIS
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
HYPERTENSION
CEREBROVASCULAR
DISEASE
• STROKE
• CHF
• ANGINA PECTORIS
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• CONGENITAL HD
• PERIPHERAL ARTERY
DISEASE
• CAD
• CHD
• MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION
• ARRYTHMIA
• ENDOCARDITIS
• SILENT ISCHEMIA
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HYPERLIPIDEMIA
• High saturated fat in the blood
• Cholesterol is a fat produced in the liver or small
intestine and should remain below 200 in the
blood count
• It is necessary in the manufacture of hormones and
nerve cell lining
• Triglycerides are components of lipoproteins
• Low density lipoproteins
• Very low density lipoproteins
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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Artery break down due to clogging
Clogging is due to excess plaque
Saturated fats penetrate arterial wall
Muscle elasticity of the lumen degenerates
Cholesterol and triglycerides are also responsible
for the destruction of the artery
• Arteriosclerosis is the hardening if the artery due
to atherosclerosis and the damage is irreversible
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ANGINA PECTORIS
• Angina is Greek for “to strangle” or mild clamping ache to
crushing pain in chest
• It is a cluster of symptoms associated with O2 depravation
• This is also ischemia which is lack of O2 rich blood to the
heart muscle
• It is not an HA but could be a warning of CVD
• Pain subsides once O2 is replenished to muscle
• May be mistaken for heartburn, gastric disorders, asthma,
allergies and bronchitis
• Nitroglycerin is the medication given because it is a
vasodilator
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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
• An embolism lodged in the coronary artery
• Causes an occlusion and O2 cannot reach the heart
muscle
• Pain in the chest is severe and crushing and cannot
be helped by drugs
• Section of heart muscle dies due to lack of O2 or
ischemia
• Heart Attack or cardiac arrest is the result
• An MI is more lethal to women
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STROKE
• Cerebrovascular accident or stroke
• Blood vessel damage caused by aneurysm, thrombus, or
embolus
• HBP or a congenital defect can also cause damage
• Depending on what part of the brain that is blocked will
determine whether speech, memory, thought, or movement
are affected or lost
• TIA’s transient ischemic attacks are minute strokes that are
a warning sign that a stroke is eminent
• Prevalent in white women over 45: Afro.Am. Women over
35 and 60% of all stroke deaths are women
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CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
• Heart too weak to pump and circulate blood
• CHF represents a heart whose muscles are weak and
flabby
• Poor circulation causes fluids to accumulate in veins
• Breathing problems result from too much fluid in the lungs
• Kidneys are impacted causing swelling in the extremities
• CHF is common in older women who suffer from HBP,
Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, or Congenital HD
• Heart damage from Rheumatic Fever and bacterial
diseases, HA(damage & scar tissue)
• Symptoms include shortness of breath, dyspnea, edema
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PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
• Disease of the extremities mostly of the legs
• Diminished supply of blood to extremities due to
atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, diabetes,
smoking, or HBP
• Clogging results in waste products not being
properly eliminated from the body
• Nutrients are not delivered to the cells
• Cramping, numbness, and necrosis of the tissues
could result in amputation
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SILENT ISCHEMIA
• CVD has not historically been considered a woman’s
disease only a man’s disease
• Medical research has never focused on women and CVD
• Mainly because older women suffer from other
complicated medical problems
• Silent HA can occur to women without any of the regular
symptoms
• Women are at greater risk from silent heart attacks
• Women may have unspecified pain and a physician usually
never suspects a HA
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CORONARY RISK FACTORS
• An action or behavior that
places an individual at a higher
risk for developing a condition
or a disease
• The following are examples of
risk factors:
• Smoking
• Stress
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Oral Contraceptives
• Menopause
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Hypertension
High Blood fats
LDL’s bad cholesterol
Triglycerides
Diabetes
Sex
Race/ethnicity
Age
Heredity
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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Blood pressure is a controllable risk factor
It is measured with a spygmomanometer
Systolic pressure measures heart contraction
Diastolic pressure measures heart refill
Smoking is a vasoconstrictor that narrows blood
vessels and increases blood pressure
• Pressure of 140/90 is considered borderline
hypertension
• BP is controlled by diet, wt management, and
meds
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UNCONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS
• Heredity -family history and genetics
• Race/Ethnicity e.g. Afro. Am. Women have the
highest rate of CVD
• Age- chronological not physiological
• Sex- male or female
• Post Menopause- woman’s chances of HA
increase due to decreased estrogen and
progesterone and the reduction of HDL’s and
increase in LDL’s
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CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
• Obesity -above 16% in men and 22% in women
• A major factor in the development of CHD,
diabetes, and HBP
• Stress
• Alcohol - excessive intake of 3-5 drinks or more
per day
• High sodium intake
• Oral contraceptives - link between Oral C’s and
HA is difficult due to continued changes in
estrogen dosages
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PROTECTIVE FACTORS
• Exercise- regular and consistent
• HDL/Cholesterol the higher the blood levels the
better
• HRT hormone replacement therapy
• Low fat diet
• HDL/Cholesterol ratio in blood is high
• Moderate alcohol consumption not to exceed 2
drinks per day
• Aspirin taken daily
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