Transcript Chapter5
Business Communication Chapter 5 Mechanics of Writing Copyright 2010 South-Western Cengage Learning Chapter 5.1 External Marks and the Comma SWBAT: Use external punctuation marks correctly in sentences Use commas correctly in sentences Essential Question – what is the importance of proper use of periods and commas? 2 Punctuation Helps readers interpret your ideas and questions Shows where one thought ends and the next begins © Stockbyte / Getty Images Punctuation clarifies and adds emphasis to your writing. 5.1 External Marks and the Comma 3 The Period Period- a punctuation mark used to signal the end of a sentence or an abbreviation At the end of sentences With abbreviations In lists – the period is only placed after the letter or number…example: 1. Take car to the shop 2. Pick up dry cleaning 3. Take dog to vet 5.1 External Marks and the Comma 4 The Question Mark Question mark- a punctuation mark used after a direct question and after each part in a series of questions After direct questions In a series 5.1 External Marks and the Comma 5 The Exclamation Point Exclamation point- a punctuation mark that shows strong emotion May follow a word, a group of words, or a sentence Should be used sparingly in business documents 5.1 External Marks and the Comma 6 The Comma Comma- an internal punctuation mark used to separate items in a sentence With introductory elements In compound sentences With interrupting elements Nonrestrictive- a phrase or clause that gives information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence Restrictive elements- a phrase or clause that gives information that is essential to the meaning of a sentence Appositives- a noun or phrase that renames and refers to a preceding noun 7 The Comma Direct address- speaking directly to someone, usually calling the person by name In a series Between adjectives With omission of words In numbers and dates With abbreviations 5.1 External Marks and the Comma 8 5.2 Other Internal Marks SWBAT: Use internal punctuation marks correctly in sentences Use internal punctuation marks correctly in letters, dates, numbers and time. Essential Question: What is the importance of using punctuation marks correctly in sentences? 9 The Semicolon Semicolon- a punctuation mark used to denote a pause They are stronger than commas but weaker than periods. Between clauses In a series or list 5.2 Other Internal Marks 10 The Colon Colon- a punctuation mark that directs the reader’s attention to the material that follows it Before a series or list Before a long quotation Between independent clauses After a salutation In expressions of time 5.2 Other Internal Marks 11 The Dash Dash- a punctuation mark used to show a sudden change of thought With a sudden change of thought For emphasis 5.2 Other Internal Marks 12 The Hyphen Hyphen- a punctuation mark used after some prefixes and in forming some compound words After prefixes In compound words 5.2 Other Internal Marks 13 Quotation Marks Quotation marks- indicate a direct quotation, a definition, nonstandard English, or a title. Punctuation marks that set off words from the other text With quotations With definitions and nonstandard English With titles With other punctuation marks 5.2 Other Internal Marks 14 Parentheses Parentheses- punctuation marks that set off nonessential words, phrases, or clauses With nonessential elements With numbers and abbreviations With references and directions With a list 5.2 Other Internal Marks 15 The Apostrophe Apostrophe- a punctuation mark used to indicate the omission of characters or possession In contractions In possessive words In plurals 5.2 Other Internal Marks 16 5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression SWBAT: Use abbreviations correctly in documents Use correct capitalization in documents Express numbers correctly in sentences and other formats Essential Question – Why is it important to use abbreviations, capitalization and numbers correctly in business documents? 17 Abbreviations Abbreviation- a shortened form of a word or a group of words Titles and degrees Addresses Companies, organizations, and departments Expressions of time Miscellaneous abbreviations 5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression 18 Capitalization Capitalization- using uppercase letters in writing The first letter in a sentence or direct quote Names of specific people, places, and things Titles used as proper nouns Professional titles Compass points Nouns that precede numbers Names of nationalities 5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression 19 Number Expression Number expression- the way numbers are written (as words or numerals) Numbers ten and lower Indefinite or approximate numbers Two related numbers appearing next to each other A number at the beginning of a sentence Numerals and ordinals 5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression 20 Number Expression House and building numbers Dollar amounts Percentages Decimals in numerals Mixed numbers Expressions of time 5.3 Abbreviations, Capitalization, and Number Expression 21 Vocabulary abbreviation apostrophe appositive capitalization colon comma dash declarative sentence direct address exclamation point hyphen nonrestrictive element number expression parentheses period question mark quotation marks restrictive element semicolon 22