Transcript water - Science in Progress

2 A - ISTITUTO DI ISTRUZIONE SUPERIORE – GALLARATE – ITALY
Changes from one person to another
according to
•Gender
•Body structure
•Physical activity
•Climate
•Age
•Muscle mass
•Nutritional status
•Health
Energy intake to compensate the expenditure of energy
The energy used must be replaced to maintain the
balance between the energy spent and the energy
supplied by food
This amount of energy is expressed with a unit of
measurement: calorie (cal) or Joule (J)
Sedentary lifestyle: less energy consumption compared to an active life (sports,
physical activity)
Diet
Adapted to the lifestyle
Not too many calories if
we have a sedentary life
Calories appropriate to
the expenditure of energy
Must vary according to Sports
Fundamental in the growth of a person
It is best a varied and light diet, full of:
•Fruit
•Vegetables
•Carbohydrates
•Fish
Which provide essential natural salts
Our body turns any food we eat into energy
The cells of our body to assimilate it
Must divide it into
More simple chemical compounds:
•Proteins
•Lipids
•Glucides
Other fundamental substances for health:
•Vitamins
•Fibers
•Minerals
•Water
Laboratory experiment
Goal
Observe in which food is contained the starch
Materials
•Distilled water
•Lugol (chemical reagent)
•Test tubes for every substance
analyzed
•Small stick
•Some aliments
LUGOL
FIRST PART
SECOND PART
1 Fill four test tubes with
distilled water
2 Put in the first tube glucose,
in the second saccharose,
in the third starch
in the last one the water
3 Shake the four tubes
4 Add seven drops of lugol
5 Observe
1 With a small stick break in
to pieces all the different
foods
2 In each tube put a solution of
food plus water
3 Add few drops of lugol
4 Observe
The lugol in the first part of the
experience has turned black only in
the solution of water + starch
Results of the
second part
Water + potato
Black color
Water + milk
Yellow color
water + bread
Black color
Water + cookie
Black color
Water + ham
Yellow color
Water + rusk
Black color
Water + bun
Black color
Only the substances with starch react with the lugol giving a
black coloration
• We noticed that the starch is contained only in vegetable
foods, if they have carbohydrates, like potatoes; in fact we are
not going to find starch in oil because it is a fat.
BREAKFAST
LUNCH
SNACKS
DINNER
•The
most important meal of the day;
• Milk, orange juice,corn flakes, biscuits,jam.
•
soft;
•Taking mostly proteins, vegetables and carbohydrates.
•“charge”
that helps to carry the day;
• light and energetic;
•Pasta,
rice, fish,eggs or cheese;
• Do not overdo the dessert.
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It is a nutritional model based on the consumption of foods of
the Mediterranean basin;
Is based on the consumption of carbohydrates, vegetable fats,
fruits and vegetables .
is a healthy balanced diet, which is considered worldwide the
most complete and correct diet.
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Promotes the proper balance between income and caloric energy
expenditure;
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Prevents heart attacks and cardiovascular problems, keep your
cholesterol level under control, is full of substances that disable free
radicals, takes away obesity, hypertension and diabetes;
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The extensive use of olive oil
off sets animal fat, while the
moderate consumption of wine
is a protective factor.
A proper diet must lead to the body all the
calories it needs, but how many calories need
the human body?
The quantity of calories your body burns is
exactly the amount that you must take
depending on the type of activity we are doing.
This means that an athlete needs more
calories than a normal person.
• Athletes achieve peak performance by training and eating a variety of
foods.
• Athletes gain most from the amount of carbohydrates stored in the body.
• Fat also provides body fuel; use of fat as fuel depends on the duration of
the exercise and the condition of the athlete.
• Exercise may increase the athlete's need for protein.
• Water is a critical nutrient for athletes. Dehydration can cause muscle
cramping and fatigue.
• Becoming an elite athlete requires good genes, good training and
conditioning and a sensible diet. Optimal nutrition is essential for peak
performance. Nutritional misinformation can do as much harm to the
ambitious athlete as good nutrition can help.
A pre-game meal three to four hours before the event allows for optimal digestion and energy supply. High-sugar foods
lead to a rapid rise in blood sugar, followed by a decline in blood sugar and less energyAvoid a meal high in fats. Fat
takes longer to digest. Fiber has a similar effect, as well. Take in adequate fluids during this pre-game time. Caffeine
(cola, coffee, tea) may lead to dehydration by increasing urine production. Don't consume any carbohydrates one and a
half to two hours before an event. This may lead to premature exhaustion of glycogen stores in endurance events.
What is doping?
Doping is the use (or abuse) of substances or
medicines in order to artificially increase the
physical performances and the performances of
an athlete. Making use of doping is a violation
of both the ethics of sport and medical science.
What are supplements?
Supplements are foods or drinks that
provides the body high doses of nutrients or
energy.
Although a balanced diet provides the body
all the things that it needs, as a result of
large expenditures of energy it can be useful
to take these substances.
THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS:
- Make women more masculine, lowering the
tone of voice and hair growth.
- Men risk a decrease in sperm production,
testicular atrophy and baldness.
- In adolescents they can block the height
because of the precocious maturation of the
growth process.
In general, this substances are very
dangerous because they increase the risk of
cardiovascular diseases and liver tumors, as
well as reproductive disorders.
•NATURAL SUPPLEMENTS: energetic action, very slight effect on
the body, does not affect your performance.
•SALT SUPPLEMENTS: vitamins and carbohydrates that are used
to replace salt lost during exercise.
•ENERGETIC SUPPLEMENTS: vitamins and carbohydrates used
to replace salt lost during exercise. Used under medical supervision.
PLASTIC ADDITIVES: proteins and aminoacids useful for tissues
and physiological mechanisms in sport. Used under medical
supervision.