Transcript Chapter 4 Section 4 Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent

Chapter 3 Section 4
Later Peoples of the Fertile
Crescent
The Babylonians Conquer Mesopotamia
• What is a monarch?
A monarch is a ruler of a
kingdom or empire.
Sumerian kings claimed to
be chosen by the gods.
• Babylon had once been a
Sumerian city located on
the
Euphrates River near
what is today, Baghdad.
Ancient
Babylon
Hammurabi
• Who was Hammurabi?
In 1792 BC Hammurabi became king of Babylon and was a
brilliant war leader. He brought all of Mesopotamia into his
empire and called it the Babylonian Empire. He improved
the lives of his people. He oversaw the building of new
sewer, irrigation, building, and tax collection systems.
He ruled for 42 years. During his reign Mesopotamia
prospered.
Hammurabi’s Code
• Hammurabi was best
known for creating the
earliest known collection
of laws.
• The Hammurabi Code
was a set of 282 laws that
dealt with almost every
part of daily life.
• People all over the
empire could read exactly
what was against the law.
The penalty
for
breaking
the bone
of a
slave was
to pay
a fine!!!!
Actual Code of Laws
carved in stone
Invasion of Mesopotamia
Who were the Hittites?
The Hittites were a strong
kingdom in Asia Minor, in
what is today,Turkey. They
were the first people to
master ironworking. They
made the strongest
weapons of the time. They
also skillfully used the
chariot, a wheeled, horsedrawn cart used in battle.
They captured Babylon in
1595 BC.
Who were the Kassites?
• The Kassites were
people who lived
north of Babylon.
They captured the
city of Babylon
from the Hittites
and ruled for
almost 400 years.
Who were the Assyrians?
• The Assyrians, who lived in northern Mesopotamia ruled
off and on for 300 years, after they captured Babylon. In
900 BC they began to conquer all of Mesopotamia, parts
of Asia Minor, and Egypt. They were fierce in battle and
before attacking, they spread terror by looting villages
and burning crops. Anyone who resisted was killed!!
Assyrian Empire was ruled from Ninevah. They were harsh rulers,
whose kings ruled their kingdom through local leaders. Communication
between cities was done by messengers on horseback.
Who were the Chaldeans?
• The Chaldeans were
a group from the Syrian
Desert. They attacked
Ninevah in 612 BC and
won over the weaker
Assyrian Empire. Babylon
became their capital and a
center for astronomy. They
also created a calendar and
solved complex problems of
Geometry.
Who was Nebuchadnezzar?
Palace of
Nebuchadnezzar
• Nebuchadnezzar
was the most
famous Chaldean
king. He rebuilt
Babylon into a
beautiful city. He
admired Sumerian
culture and studied
their language and
religion.
Who were the Phoenicians?
• They were a group of
people who lived at the
western end of the Fertile
Crescent along the
Mediterranean Sea. They
created a wealthy trading
society.
• Today the nation of
Lebanon occupies most
of what was once
Phoenicia.
The Phoenicians were expert sailors and found
new colonies such as Carthage in northern Africa.
Phoenician Achievements
• One of the world’s
first alphabets.
• Glassblowing
• Purple dye from a
snail-like shellfish
• Ivory carvings
• Became powerful
because of
establishing
Mediterranean trade
routes, not winning
battles.
Summary
• Many different
peoples ruled in the
Fertile Crescent after
the Sumerians.
Some made important
contributions that are
still valued today.
Mesopotamian
Calendar