Transcript L2: development OF complex institutions

WARM UP
 What values and beliefs have
influenced our government and
laws?
CODIFICATION OF LAWS
Period 1: to
600 BCE
CODIFICATION OF LAWS
Law/Legal Code: systematic and
comprehensive written statement of laws
Oldest Evidence: Tablets from city of Ebla
(modern Syria) ~ 2400 BCE
Best Known:
Code of Hammurabi
(Babylon)
CODIFICATION OF LAWS
Why: Disagreements are bound to happen,
governments made laws in response
Requirements: simple, make sense, give a
reason to obey (punishment)
Source: “God”- made for harsher punishments
CODIFICATION OF LAWS
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Code of
Pharaoh's
Hammurabi word is law
India
Eightfold
Path
China
Confucius’
Golden Rule
Legalism total control
by political
administrat
ors
HAMMURABI’S CODE
Who was
Hammurabi?
 Babylonian king
 United all of
Mesopotamia
 Pursued ideal of
being a just ruler
HAMMURABI’S CODE
Collection of:
282 edicts
 Precedents set
between praise of
Hammurabi’s rule
Covers:
 family law
 professional contracts
 administrative law
HAMMURABI’S CODE
 Written in “if-then”
form:
 If a man steals an ox,
then he pays 30x its
value
Different standards of
justice for 3 classes
of society
 Property owners
 Freedmen
 Slaves
HAMMURABI'S CODE
 Punishments severe
 Earliest examples of
“an eye for an eye”
HAMMURABI'S CODE
 Carved into stone
2 ½ foot relief of
Hammurabi
receiving law from
God of Justice
7’ 5” columns of
cuneiform script
HAMMURABI’S CODE ACTIVIT Y
1. Study the list of laws taken from the Code of
Hammurabi (make notes)
2. Answer the questions that follow
20 minutes
HAMMURABI’S CODE AND RELIGION
 Hammurabi used the fear of religion to
enforce and justify his laws
Does religion have an influence on politics
today?
Hammurabi was successful in not only
enforcing his rules but setting the standard for
countless other civilizations
HAMMURABI’S CODE AND GENDER
RELATIONSHIPS
With so many laws in place for women, there
was not way to achieve gender equality due to
restrictions on marriage, money, and work.
How are gender relationships influenced by
laws today?
HAMMURABI’S CODE AND MORAL
VALUES
 With the code there is justification for
morality. Putting strict morals in place instills
fear and allows those in power to remain in
power.
 Do our laws attempt to dictate morality?
THEN AND NOW
How is it similar?
Semipermanent/hard to
change
Protection of the
weak
Innocent until
proven guilty
How is it different?
Leaving sentencing
up to the god(s)
Severe punishments