Transcript Unit 2 Note Packet

EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
pages 34-39
THE FERTILE CRESCENT
CIVILIZATIONS
civilizations: groups of __________ who have a
complex and organized __________ within a
culture
 civilizations have their own _____________,
food supply, social _____________,
government, religion, and technology.

WHERE CIVILIZATION BEGAN
land between _____________ and
__________________ Rivers
 because it was between two rivers , the land
was very fertile (it had rich ______________)
 fertile soil was good for ________________
 “______________________” = land between
two rivers

CLIMATE AND RIVERS

summers: hot and _______
 _______

winters: unpredictable rainfall
 caused

for farming
rivers to ___________
they needed a method to control the rainfall
 ________________
systems helped manage when
and how much __________ got to their crops
THE PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA

problem solvers
 problem:
lack of a reliable _____________source:
made _______________ difficult
 solution: _______________ systems
 problem: lack of trees/stones made
________________ difficult
 solution: used reeds to build huts and sun dried
mud ______________ to build homes, temples and
palaces
THE PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA

EQ: What was one problem solved by the
people of Mesopotamia?

farmers
 most
people wanted to work on a farm
 made better farming ___________
 ____________ their goods on the _________
 extra food = _____________ = rise of civilization
GROWTH OF CITY-STATES AND TRADE

city-states
a city that is an _________________ unit, complete
with its own form of government
 surplus of food led to division of _____________
(artisans, potters) would be paid with __________


traders
traded for goods that Mesopotamians ______
 means of transportation: large wooden ________
 contact with others spread their ____________

pages 40-46
MESOPOTAMIA
SUMER AND AKKAD
two ______-__________ of Mesopotamia
 different languages- ____________ and
________________
 Uruk

 city-state
of ________________
 used _____________ as source of water
 mudbrick wall surrounded Uruk for ___________
 ___________-temple made of stacked rectangular
platforms, wanted to link them to ____________
RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT
_________________- worship of many gods
 divine ______________- power of the king was
given by the gods
 believed that the happiness of their gods
determined their outcomes on Earth- burned
incense, provided food and _____________
 had a class system headed by the _________





R:
A:
F:
T:
Sumerian
gods
prayer
how is life on Earth, am I thanking you or asking you a favor?
WRITING

cuneiform
 wedge-shaped
___________
 ______________ made by pressing reeds into a wet
clay tablet
 writing system was developed to keep track of
business activities - ___________ of goods
 medical texts, law codes, ____________
 Epic of Gilgamesh
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE AKKADIAN EMPIRE

Sargon the _______
 Akkadian
ruler
 formed the worlds first ____________- which
stretched from “sunrise to sunset”
 appointed his daughter as high priestess
 set up the first ___________- rule passed down
through the ____________
SUMER’S FINAL DAYS
Ziggurat of Ur- one of the largest ziggurats ever
built
 contributions: cuneiform and the __________

pages 48-53
BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA
THE RISE OF HAMMURABI

Hammurabi




king of ___________________
clever leader
sent officials throughout his
large empire to carry out his
__________ and to collect
__________
tax money used for
construction projects and
______________
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
capital of Babylon- center of ___________ and
____________
 advancements in math, literature and ________
 Code of Hammurabi

consisted of 282 strict _________ for his empire
 “an eye for an _______, tooth for a __________”
 one of the most complete law codes of ancient
times
 first ____________ code of law
 protected the __________ class
 however, punishments were based on _______
status

BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
R: Mr. R
 A: 6th grade class
 F: code of laws
 T: one good law for
our class

THE ASSYRIANS
group of people who lived in northern
______________
 war-faring people (unlike the ____________)
 innovation: wheeled battering _________

THE ASSYRIANS

Ashurbanipal
 King
during the most _____________ time
 personally led his troops to battle
 educated man- read/write Sumerian and Akkadian

Library at Nineveh
 collected
_____________, Sumerian and Akkadian
writings
 literature, _________, mathematics and astronomy
BABYLONIA GROWS
Babylon, under ______________________II,
grew to a powerful nation
 Nebuchadnezzar II (Lil’ Neezy)

 _________
of Babylon who took over much of the
Assyrian empire
 finished _____________
 built the _______________ Gardens
 built walls to protect the great ____________
BABYLONIA GROWS
advancements in math- place values and
astronomy- eclipses
 wealthy __________ city
 after Nebuchadnezzar died, conquered by
____________, end of the Babylonian Empire

pages 54-59
HEBREWS, PHOENICIANS, AND LYDIANS
THE HEBREWS
Abraham- founder of ______________
 Hebrews forced into __________ in Egypt
 __________ led the exodus of Egypt to freedom
 Ten Commandments

Hebrew ______ code
 guidelines for moral ______________
 provided guidance for the ___________ of God
 unlike Code of ______________- strict laws with harsh
punishments as opposed to brief guidelines with no
social distinctions

THE HEBREW BIBLE: TORAH
Torah: “to ________”
 first _____ books of the __________
 it is against Jewish law to touch the
____________, so therefore there are scrolls
and a pointer
 contains ________ codes and historical events
and stories

ISRAEL AND JUDAH

Deborah
 Hebrew
________- used in times of trouble
 predicted that women would win war against the
_____________
 women had ______ power
 Deborah was right, woman (Jael) won the war for
the ____________
ISRAEL AND JUDAH

The Kingdom of Israel
 _________
tribes founded by King ___________
 Solomon- David’s son built temple to house
___________
 death of _______________ broke up into two partsIsrael (N) and Judah (S)
JUDAISM TODAY
still read the _________
 gather in ________________
 festival of ____________- honors escape of
Hebrews from Egypt

PHOENICIANS AND LYDIANS

Phoenicians
 positive
relations with ____________
 used the ___________________ Sea for trade
 trade promoted exchange of goods and ideas
 contribution: modern __________, fewer and
simpler ___________ which stood for consonants

Lydians
 contribution:
first to make ______________, made
trading easier