Transcript Review of the Subjunctive Mood - St. Charles Preparatory School

Review of the Subjunctive Mood (Regular Verbs)
(Pages 345 – 346)
Pluperfect Tense
Translation
Rule
All Verbs - Perfect Stem + isse + PE
(might have)
vocav
isse + PE
monu
isse + PE
rex
cep
audiv
isse + PE isse + PE isse + PE
(call)
(warn)
(rule)
vocavissem monuissem
vocavisses
monuisses
vocavisset
monuisset
vocavissemus monuissemus
vocavissetis monuissetis
vocavissent monuissent
(take)
(hear)
rexissem cepissem audivissem
rexisses
cepisses audivisses
rexisset
cepisset
audivisset
rexissemus cepissemus audivissemus
rexissetis cepissetis audivissetis
rexissent cepissent audivissent
I might have ________
you might have ________
he might have ________
we might have ________
you might have ________
they might have ________
Review of the Subjunctive Mood (Deponent Verbs)
(Pages 345 – 346)
Perfect Tense
Translation
Rule
Perfect Passive Participle + essem
(might have)
conor
vereor
sequor
conatus
+ essem
veritus
+ essem
secutus
+ essem
(try)
(fear)
(follow)
conatus essem
conatus esses
conatus esset
conati essemus
conati essetis
conati essent
veritus essem
veritus esses
veritus esset
veriti essemus
veriti essetis
veriti essent
secutus essem
secutus esses
secutus esset
secuti essemus
secuti essetis
secuti essent
I might have ________
you might have ________
he might have ________
we might have ________
you might have ________
they might have ________
Nota Bene: Deponent verbs are passive in form but active in meaning.
Review of the Subjunctive Mood (Irregular Verbs)
(Pages 345 – 346)
Perfect Tense
Translation
(Perfect Stem + isse + PE)
sum
(be)
volo
(wish)
eo
(go)
fero
(bring)
fio
(become)
fu
+ isse
+ PE
volu
+ isse
+ PE
iv (i)
+ isse
+ PE
tul
+ isse
+ PE
factus
+ essem
fuissem
fuisses
fuisset
fuissemus
fuissetis
fuissent
voluissem
voluisses
voluisset
voluissemus
voluissetis
voluissent
ivissem
ivisses
ivisset
ivissemus
ivissetis
ivissent
tulissem
tulisses
tulisset
tulissemus
tulissetis
tulissent
factus essem
factus esses
factus esset
facti essemus
facti essetis
facti essent
(might have)
I might have ________
you might have ________
he might have ________
we might have ________
you might have ________
they might have ________
Review of the Sequence of Tense Rules for the Subjunctive Mood
(Page 341)
SEQUENCE
IF THE MAIN VERB IS:
THE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE USES:
Primary
present
future
future perfect
1.the present subjunctive
(to express same time as the main verb)
2.the perfect subjunctive
(to express time before that of the main verb)
Secondary
imperfect
perfect
pluperfect
1.the imperfect subjunctive
(to express same time as the main verb)
2. the pluperfect subjunctive
(to express time before that of the main verb)
Review of Indirect Questions
(Page 341)
1. In English and in Latin there are two kinds of questions:
Direct
Indirect
What are you doing?
I am asking what you are doing.
Quid facis?
Rogo quid facias.
A direct question becomes indirect when it is used as the direct object of verbs meaning ask,
know, perceive, show, etc. It is always introduced by an interrogative word. In English the
verb of an indirect question is in the indicative mood; in Latin it is in the subjunctive mood,
although the English translation is like the indicative.
2. Indirect questions must not be confused with indirect statements.
INDIRECT STATEMENT
INDIRECT QUESTION
Scio eum venisse.
Scio cur venerit.
I know that he came.
I know why he came.
Review of Result Clauses
(page 334)
1. In English the verb in a clause of result is expressed by the indicative mood because a result
is something that actually happened. A fact is stated. In Latin the verb is in the subjunctive
mood, and the clause, whether affirmative or negative, is introduced by ut. In a negative clause
the negative adverb non is placed before the verb. In the English translation the auxiliary verbs
may, might, should, would are never used.
2. In Latin as in English, some word in the main clause serves as a warning indicator that a
result clause is coming. Ita and sic, both of which mean so, are usually used with verbs.
Tam, also meaning so, is used with adjectives and adverbs. Tantus, so great, talis, such, and tot,
so many, are adjectives.
Romani tam fortiter pugnaverunt ut hostes superarent.
The Romans fought so bravely that they overcame the enemy.
Numerus hostium erat tantus ut Romani eos non superarent.
The number of the enemy was so great that the Romans did not overcome them.
Review of Clauses Expressing Purpose
(Page 321)
1. In English when we say: He comes to school to study, the infinitive expresses the purpose
of his coming. Instead of an infinitive in a simple sentence, we may use a clause in a complex
sentence: He comes to school in order that he may study.
2. In Latin prose we do not use an infinitive to express purpose. We must use a subordinate
clause introduced by ut if the clause is positive; by ne, if negative. After verbs meaning
choose, send, or leave, purpose may be expressed by a relative clause. The antecedent of the
relative pronoun (qui quae quod)is usually the object of the main verb.
Pugnant ut vincant. They fight to conquer
(in order that they may conquer).
Pugnant ne vincantur. They fight in order not to be conquered
(in order that they may not be conquered; lest they may be conquered).
Nuntios qui haec dicant mittimus. We are sending messengers to say these things
(who may (shall) say these things).