Transcript Si* clauses - Villa Walsh Academy

“SI” CLAUSES
Always use present indicative in a present
si clause, and subjuntivo in a past si clause.
por Julia Hart ‘16
PRESENT INDICATIVE + FUTURE (WILL)
 “Si” is a very uncertain word, but always use PRESENT
INDICATIVO
in a PRESENT tense “if” clause. The 2nd clause must be futuro.
PRESENT INDICATIVE + FUTURE (WILL)
 If I have time, I will go.
 Si tengo tiempo, iré.
 If he knows, he will tell us.
 Si sabe, nos dirá.
 If they are here, they will help.
 Si están aquí, ayudarán.
 If she sees it, she will eat it.
 Si lo ve, lo comerá.
PRESENT INDICATIVE + FUTURE (WILL)
If I eat it, I’ll get sick.
 Si lo como, me enfermaré.
If they pass, they will graduate.
 Si pasan, se graduarán.
If they pay, I will be grateful.
 Si pagan, estaré agradecida.
If you smoke, you’ll be sorry.
 Si fumas, te arrepentirás.
PRESENT INDICATIVE + FUTURE (WILL)
If you study, you will pass.
 Si estudias, pasarás.
If you are rich, you will travel.
 Si eres rico, viajarás.
If I know, I will tell you.
 Si lo sé, te lo diré.
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE + CONDITIONAL
(WOULD)
Same uncertain word “si” but if verb is PAST,
you must use PAST SUBJUNTIVE.
The 2nd clause must be condicional.
These SI clauses are contrary-to-fact.
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE + CONDITIONAL
(WOULD)
If I had time, I would go.
 Si tuviera tiempo, iría.
If he knew, he would tell us.
 Si supiera, nos diría.
If they were her, they would help.
 Si estuvieran aquí, ayudarían.
If she saw it, she would eat it.
 Si lo viera, lo comería.
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE + CONDITIONAL
(WOULD)
If I ate it, I would get sick.
If they passed, they would graduate.
 Si pasaran, se graduarían.
If they paid, I would be grateful.
 Si pagaran, estaría agradecida.
If you smoked, you would be sorry.
 Si fumaras, te arrepentirías.
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE + CONDITIONAL
(WOULD)
If you studied, you would pass.
Si estudiaras, pasarías.
If you were rich, you would travel.
Si fueras rico, viajarías.
If I knew, I would tell you.
Si lo supiera, te lo diría.
NORMAL PRESENT PERFECT
(HABER + PARTICIPIO)
I have not had time.
 No he tenido tiempo.
You have not studied.
 No has estudiado.
You have not been rich.
 No has sido rico.
I have not known.
 No he sabido.
PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
(HAD-HABER + SUBJUNTIVO + PERFECT CONDITIONAL
(WOULD HAVE)
Most Americans don’t even know PAST PERFECT in
English: With 2 past verbs, the earlier verb must be
past perfect. (had + participio)
“Sorry, I HAD EATEN the cake already before you
said not to touch it.”
PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVO
(HAD) HABER + SUBJUNTIVO + PERFECT CONDITIONAL
(WOULD HAVE)
THESE SI CLAUSES ARE CONTRARY-TO-FACT ALSO.
If I had had time, I would have gone.
 Si hubiera tenido tiempo, habría ido.
If he had known, he would have told us.
 Si hubiera sabido, nos habría dicho.
If they had been here, they would have helped.
 Si hubieran estado aquí, habrían ayudado.
If she had seen it, she would have eaten it.
 Si lo hubiera visto, lo habría comido.
PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
(HAD-HABER + SUBJUNTIVO + PERFECT
CONDITIONAL (WOULD HAVE)
If I had eaten it, I would have gotten sick.
 Si lo hubiera comido, me habría enfermado.
If they had passed, they would have graduated.
 Si hubieran pasado, se habrían graduado.
If they had paid, I would have been grateful.
 Si hubieran pagado, habría sido agradecida.
If you had smoked, you would have been sorry.
 Si hubieras fumado, te habrias rrepentido.
PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
(HAD-HABER + SUBJUNTIVO + PERFECT
CONDITIONAL (WOULD HAVE)
If you had studied, you would have passed.
 Si hubieras estudiado, habrías pasado.
If you had been rich, you would have traveled.
 Si hubieras sido rico, habrías viajado.
If I had known, I would have told you.
 Si lo hubiera sabido, te lo habría dicho.
SING TO MELODY: “FARMER
IN THE DELL”
María doesn’t know how to swim, but if she knew how to swim, she would go to the beach every day.
María no sabe nadar, pero si ella supiera nadar,
iría a la playa todos los días.
You can’t vote, but you would be able to vote if you
were 18, if you were a citizen, if you had registered.
Usted no puede votar, pero usted podría votar,
si tuviera 18 años, si fuera ciudadano,
y si se hubiera inscrito.
IF I WERE YOU
SI YO FUERA USTED O TÚ
 Learn this contrary-to-fact joke:
Ella: Si tú fueras mi esposo, te daría veneno.
If you were my husband, I’d give you poison.
Él: Si yo fuera tu esposo, lo tomaría.
If I were your husband, I would take it.
Beyoncé canta “Si yo fuera un chico…”
“If I were a boy…”
MÁS PRÁCTICA
 She says she will help. Dice que ayudará.
 She said she would help. Dijo que ayudaría.
He said he would do good things, would reduce taxes, & there’d be more jobs.
Nos dijo que haría buenas cosas, rebajaría los impuestos,
y haría más empleos.
MÁS PRÁCTICA
 Our candidate lost.
 Nuestro candidato perdió.`
 He would have won if he had had more friends, if he had
known more about government, and if he had been honest.
 Habría ganado si hubiera tenido más amigos, si hubiera sabido más del
gobierno, y si hubiera sido honrado.
 Sing to melody “Itsy Bitsy Spider”
 If she had known how to swim, she would have gone to the beach.
 Si ella hubiera sabido nadar, habría ido a la playa.