Transcript The Subjunctive - Lakewood City Schools

The Subjunctive
• In this slide show, we
are going to look at a
verb form that has all
but disappeared from
English – the
subjunctive!
English examples
• If I were principal, I would let kids
wear hoodies.
• What would you do if you were me?
• Fe fi fo fum I smell the blood of an
Englishman. Be he live or be he dead,
I’ll grind his bones to make my bread.
Spanish examples:
Tu hermano quiere que tú le des $5.
Your brother wants you to give him $5
Spanish examples:
Mama desea que nosotros
lleguemos temprano.
Mom wants us to arrive early
Spanish examples:
Espero que saquen una buena
nota en el examen final.
I hope you get a good grade on the final.
Look familiar??
• look again at the verbs in the
subjunctive:
• des, lleguemos, saquen
• the negative tú and the formal
commands that you have
already learned are forms of
the subjunctive.
To form the subjunctive, you…
• Start with the Yo form
• take off the O
• add the opposite ending
Regular verbs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
hablar
hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen
comer
coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman
vivir
viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, viváis, vivan
Irregular yo forms:
• Hacer
• haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagáis, hagan
• Conocer
• conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos,
conozcáis, conozcan
-ar and –er stem changing verbs:
no stem change in the
nosotros or vosotros forms
• Cerrar
• cierre, cierres, cierre, cerremos, cerréis, cierren
• Volver
• vuelva, vuelvas, vuelva, volvamos, volváis, vuelvan
-ir stem changing verbs DO stem change
in the nosotros and vosotros forms
• Servir (e to i)
• Sirva, sirvas, sirva, sirvamos, sirváis, sirvan
• Preferir (e to ie)
• prefiera, prefieras, prefiera, prefiramos, prefiráis, prefieran
• Dormir (o to ue)
• Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmáis, duerman
Irregulars
D dar: dé, des, dé, demos, déis, den
I ir: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
S ser: sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
H haber: haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
E estar: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
S saber: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
Let’s look again at the
Spanish examples…
Tu hermano quiere tú que le des $5.
Your brother wants you to give him $5
• One person (your brother)
wants another person (you) to
do something (give him $5).
• However, there is no guarantee
that you will give him $5 just
because he wants you to.
Mama desea que nosotros
lleguemos temprano.
Mom wants us to arrive early
• One person (Mom) wants someone else
(us) to do something (arrive early).
• However, there is no guarantee that we
will just because Mom wants us to.
Espero que saquen una buena
nota en el examen final.
I hope you get a good grade on the final.
• One person (I) hopes that someone
else (you) does something (gets a
good grade).
• There is no guarantee that you will
do so just because I hope you do.
The subjunctive
• In Spanish, we use the subjunctive to
show that these actions – give money,
arrive early, get a good grade – may or
may not occur. It shows uncertainty.
Notice…
Mama quiere | que | lleguemos temprano.
• The word que divides the sentence into two
halves (clauses).
– 1. the expression of wish or desire (indicative).
– 2. the action that may or may not occur (sunjunctive).
Notice also…
• … that the subject in the first half is always
different from the subject in the second half:
– TU HERMANO quiere que TU le des…
– MAMA quiere que NOSOTROS lleguemos...
– YO Espero que USTEDES saquen…
• The first subject is trying to spur the second
subject into action, and we don’t know if the
action will ever happen.
Compare this…
• … to sentences where there is no
change in subject:
– Quiero salir ahora.
– Tom quiere llegar a las 5.
– Me gustaría comer pizza.
• When the subject is the same, there
is higher probability that the
second action will take place so the
second verb is in the infinitive.
Uses of the subjunctive
• In Spanish, we use the subjunctive to show:
U Uncertainty
W Wishes
E Emotional commentary
I Impersonal expressions
R Regret
D Doubt
O Orders
U. W. E. I. R. D. O.
• Uncertainty:
• No creo [I don’t believe] que
Laura venga a la fiesta.
• No pienso que pueda venir.
U. W. E. I. R. D. O.
• Wishes
• Quiero que tú puedas
visitarme durante las
vacaciones.
U. W. E. I. R. D. O.
• Emotion
• Me alegro que ganes el concurso.
• Me enoja [it makes me mad] que
Juan no trabaje más en este
proyecto.
U. W. E. I. R. D. O.
• Impersonal expressions
• Es ridículo que Gloria sea la
presidenta del club de alemán – ¡ella
estudia español!
– Impersonal expressions don’t have a
“human” subject.
– Some impersonal expressions in Spanish
include: es bueno, es malo, es necesario,
es difícil, es imposible, es triste…
U. W. E. I. R. D. O.
• Regret
• Lo siento que tu abuela esté enferma.
• Lamento que no podamos asistir a la
reunión.
U. W. E. I. R. D. O.
• Doubt
• Dudo que alguien sea
capaz de sacar un 100% en
el examen final de física –
¡es un curso muy difícil!
U. W. E. I. R. D. O.
• Order
• Te mando que pares.
• Te prohibo que uses tus
apuntes [notes] durante el
examen.