Transcript Week 12 Review PPT

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Ablative Absolute (=A2)
Participles
Ablative Absolute
Noun
Participle
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A2
A2
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Abl. Abs.
Ppl
noun
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A2
ppl
noun
noun
subject
adjective
predicate
ppl
pres. ppl. of sum
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Participle
A2
Present Active Ppl.
Perfect Passive Ppl. and, as a good ppl. should, it will agree with
the noun it modifies in case, number, and gender.
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The participle may have a Dir. Obj. if it is Active or an Abl. Of Pers.
Agent or Means if it is Passive.
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The noun of the A2 is called the “Subject” of the A2 and, as noted
above, it should not reappear in the main sentence.
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You should start an attempted translation of the A2 with one of the
following phrases, depending on the tense and voice of the ppl.:
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Pres. Act. Ppl.: “With the noun verbing…”
Perf. Pass. Ppl.: “With the noun having been verbed…”
No Ppl. (pres. of sum implied): “With the noun being/as noun/adj...”
After you have translated the rest of the sentence, you can readdress
the A2 and translate it accordingly if it is showing Time (“When…”),
Cause (“Because…”), Opposition (“Although…”), or Condition (“If…”).
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Romā visā, viri gaudebant.
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His rebus auditis, coepit timere.
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With these things having been heard, he began to fear.
Eo imperium tenente, eventum timeo.
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With Rome having been seen, the men were rejoicing.
With him holding the power, I fear the outcome.
Caesare duce, nihil timebimus.
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With Caesar being leader, we will fear nothing.
With Caesar as leader, we will fear nothing.
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Indirect Statement (= IS or O2 for its fancy Latin name:
Oratio Obliqua)
Infinitives
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IS reports a speech, thought, or feeling indirectly.
main verbs
IS
saying knowing thinking
perceiving
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Head Verbs
Head Verb
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Verb of the IS
main verb
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VIS
Inf
Inf.
infinitive
infinitives
Object Inf.
Subject of the IS (= SIS)
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VIS
Accusative
Obj. Inf.
Translating the Indirect Statement: In English, we signal IS with the
conjunction “that” and use an indicative verb as the VIS. So, when
translating, be sure to add the word “that” (which will have no
equivalent in the Latin) and translate the VIS as if it is an indicative verb.
Be sure to render the tense of the VIS as relative to the Head Verb.
• Dicunt Caesarem imperatorem bonum esse.
Note the
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Dixerunt Caesarem imperatorem bonum esse.
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They say that Caesar is a good general.
They said that Caesar was a good general.
changes in
translation to the
VIS because its
time is relative to
the Head Verb.
Dixerunt Caesarem imperatorem bonum futurum esse.
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They said that Caesar would be a good general.
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I saw that they had remained in the city and were with you.
Note that the
reflexive pronoun
Gaius dicit litteras a se scriptas esse.
in IS will refer to the
• Gaius says that the letter has been written by him. Subj. of the MV, so
the “him” in this
sentence is Gaius.
Eos in urbe remanisse et nobiscum esse vidi.
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Infinitives
Supines (“to verb”)
Gerunds
infinitive
Supine
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Acc.
Abl. Sg.
Acc. of the Supine
visum
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Purpose
to see
Abl. of the Supine is used with Adj. to specify how the adj. applies
dictu,
factu, “Amazing to say”, “Easy to do”
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gerund
verbing
Gerund
Participle
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Gerund
Participle
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Pass. Ppl.
running
running
Participle!
Gerund!
Future Passive
-ndus/a/um Participle
Gerund
Gerund
Fut.
Inf. used as nom. =
“Subjective Inf.”
Things to note about the
formation of Gerunds:
1.There is no nominative of
the gerund. Instead, Latin
(as does English) uses the
present active infinitive for
the subj. of a sentence.
2. These are the only forms
of gerunds. They do not
have separate masculine
or feminine forms or any
plurals.
Nom.
amāre
“to love”
Gen.
amāndī
“of loving”
Dat.
amāndō
“to/for
loving”
Acc.
amāndum
“loving”
Abl.
amāndō
“by loving”
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Gerund
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Gerunds
scrībendī
Obj. Gen.
of writing
legendo
by reading
Acc. D.O. (of Gerund)
Abl. Of Means
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Gerunds
Genitive
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causā
causā
Translate causā
grātiā
Gerund
Gerund
grātiā
grātiā
for the sake of…
videndī causā
for the sake of seeing
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Accusative
ad
gerund
ad
for the purpose of…
ad pugnandum
for the purpose of fighting
Gerund
ad
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Future Passive Participle
gerundive
ought to be verbed
obligation
be verbed
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Gerundive
observandas
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needing to be observed
Gerundive
Passive Periphrastic
nobis faciendum est
ought to be done by us
Periphrastic
sum
nobis faciendum esse
sum
Remember: Latin uses a
DATIVE of Agent
with a Pass. Periph.
must be done by us
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needing to
necessity
P2
Passive
Indirect Speech
must be done by us
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Gerundive
Gerund
object
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Gerund
Gerundive
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Gerund
object
number
direct object
Gerundive
case
gender
direct object
Gerund
Gerundive
gerundive modifies a noun
causā grātiā
ad
gerund stands alone
matrem videndī causā
for the sake of seeing (my) mother Gerund
matris videndae causā
for the sake of seeing (my) mother.
Gerund transformed
into Gerundive
Note how in the process of
transforming, the Gerund
for the purpose of fighting the enemy. took on the Gender and
number of its object, while
ad pugnandos hostes
the object took on the
for the purpose of fighting the enemy case of the Gerundive.
ad pugnandum hostes
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Purpose Clause
ut/ne
ut
Supine: Acc. of Supine
venio
Ger Purp
Subjunctive
videam
verb of motion
visum
Gerund Gerundive
causā grātiā
videndī causā
matris videndae causā
ad