Transcript Modern English Grammar

Autumn Semester 2016
Modern
English
Grammar I
Introductory
Basic Components in Clauses
Three ways of analysing clauses
1.
elements = words
2.
Groups
3.
Relationships = Functional units
MEG-1
= Phrases
© FAM
3
1.1 The smallest components
Many students in the class read
their new books on language change in Australia.
MEG-1
© FAM
4
Do
Activity 1
on
page 7
MEG-1
© FAM
5
1.1. ctd.
Many students
new
Nouns
MEG-1
Verbs
in
the
books
class
on
language
Adjectives
Prepositions
© FAM
read
their
change
in Australia.
Determiners
Quantifiers
6
Do
Activity 2
on
page 7
MEG-1
© FAM
7
1.2 Slightly larger components
Many students in the class read their new books on language change in Australia.
in the class
their new books
on language change in Australia.
MEG-1
© FAM
8
1.2.1 Identifying Groups
Cl
NP
VP
Quant N
PP
Many students P
in
V
NP
Det
NP
Det
Adj
N
PP
N
P
NP
the class
PP
read
their new books
N
on
language change
P
in
NP
N
Australia.
MEG-1
© FAM
9
Do
Exploration 1
on
page 8
MEG-1
© FAM
10
Do
Activity 3
on
page 9
MEG-1
© FAM
11
1.2.2 Constituents of Phrases a
We went for a walk in spite of the lousy weather.
He sold his mother’s horrid, orange retro Formica kitchen table.
Jamie went to bed in the middle of the night.
MEG-1
© FAM
12
1.2.2 Constituents of Phrases b
Phrases
Constituents Examples
N
Det
Noun Phrase
(NP)
Prepositional
Phrase (PP)
MEG-1
Adj. (=AdP)
students, books, language change,
Australia, we, him, etc.
the, their, a, this/these, etc.
new, lousy, most interesting, etc.
poss
(mother)’s , etc.
PP
rel. cl.
P
in the class, etc.
NP
(that) I wanted to buy, etc.
in, on, in spite of, with, etc.
the new books, Australia, this, me, etc.
© FAM
13
1.2.2 Constituents of Phrases c
She gave
This is
him
the most interesting news
yesterday.
incredibly stupid.
I get up far too early in the morning.
Actually, this cup of cold tea is yours.
MEG-1
© FAM
14
1.2.2 Constituents of Phrases d
Groups
Constituents Examples
V
particle
Verb Phrase
(get) up, (feel) down, etc.
NP
him, the most interesting news, etc.
PP
to bed, for a walk, etc.
AdjP
incredibly stupid, etc.
AdvP
yesterday, far too early
cl.
MEG-1
go, is, sell, etc.
that this cup of tea is cold, etc.
© FAM
15
1.2.2 Constituents of Phrases d
Groups
Constituents Examples
Adj
Adjective
Phrase
adverb
‘intensifier’
PP
Adverb
Phrase
MEG-1
stupid, most interesting, etc.
incredibly, etc.
very, most, far, too, etc.
… good at maths, etc.
cl
to believe / I could hardly believe it…
Adv
yesterday, early, only yesterday, etc.
‘intensifier’
very, far, too, etc.
NP, PP etc.
late last night, today at seven, etc.
© FAM
16
Do
Exploration 2
on
page 8
MEG-1
© FAM
17
Do
Activity 4
on
page 9
MEG-1
© FAM
18
1.2.3 What’s a Head a)
The Modifications
to the
Central
Element
are
Central Element
in the
Phrase
is
Example
Group
The second-hand car that I wanted to buy
Noun Phrase
My older son from my previous marriage
Noun Phrase
always skip breakfast
Verb Phrase
MEG-1
© FAM
19
1.2.2 What’s a Head b)
Central Element
Phrase
is
The Modifications
to in
thethe
Central
Element
are
Example
Group
hardly ever on time (for his appointments)
Prepositional
Phrase
really difficult for Jenny
Adjective
Phrase
almost daily for a week
Adverb Phrase
MEG-1
© FAM
20
Do
Activity 5
on
page 11
MEG-1
© FAM
21
1.2.4 The Structure of a Phrase
NP
det adj (AdjP)
The second-hand
MEG-1
N
cl
car
that I wanted to buy
© FAM
22
1.2.4 Structure of a Phrase b
AdjP
intensifier
really
MEG-1
Adj
PP
difficult
© FAM
for Jenny
23
1.2.4 Structure of a Phrase b
XP
pre-X
X
post-X
HEAD
Specifier
MEG-1
Extension
© FAM
24
Do
Activity 6
on
page 11
MEG-1
© FAM
25
1.3 Functional Categories
S(ubject)
All students in the class
V(erb)
read
their new books on language change
O(bject)
in Australia
MEG-1
© FAM
A(dverbial)
26
1.3 Functional Categories b
S(ubject)
All students in the class
V(erb)
are
really hungry
at lunch time
MEG-1
© FAM
C(omplement)
A(dverbial)
27
Home Study
Exploration 3 on page 10,
Exploration 1 on page 14,
Exploration 2 on page 16.
MEG-1
© FAM
28
And that’s all for today
Tune in again next week for another exciting
episode of
MEG-1
© FAM
29