Transcript Verbs and VGs II

Lexical Verbs
and their Extensions II
Modern English Grammar 1
Session 13
Intransitively Used Verbs a)
Verbs that do not have an Object NP
Jenny is reading Ø.
I ache Ø (therefore, I am Ø.)
Verbs without an Object NP but with an
“augmentation”, usually an adjunct
The divorcée cried Ø all the way to the bank.
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Intransitively Used Verbs b)
They do not (easily) form a passive:
I attended the show.
 The show was attended (by me).
She went Ø to the pub.
 * Ø were/was gone by her.
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Intransitively Used Verbs b)
They can form a passive on the basis of a PP:
I referred to the text in the lecture.
 The text was referred to in the lecture
(by me).
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Do
Activity 4
on
page 85
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Intransitively Used Verbs with PP
care, complain, rave, think about
fight, plot against
appeal, care, fight, hope, live, pay, qualify, work for
emerge, result, stem, suffer from
believe, dabble, invest, live, wallow, work in
smell, think of
bet, cling, feed, live, work on
agree, belong, cling, object, refer, stoop to
agree, associate, flirt, live, pay, work with
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Do
Activity 5
on
page 85
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Verbs with exceptional transitive
use
dance
a tango, a slow dance
AdjP + dance
or type of dance
die
a slow/painful death
AdjP + death
dream
happy/sweet dreams
AdjP + dream(s)
but: “have a nightmare”
laugh
a cruel laugh
AdjP + laugh
live
a long/happy/
sad/miserable life
AdjP + life / dream
smile
a cruel smile
AdjP + smile
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Do
Exploration 2
on
page 86
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Delexical Verbs a)
had
1. When I watched Love Story, I __________
a jolly good cry
____________________.
2. It was a real English summer day, but we still
go ___________________________.
for a stroll along the seafront
decided to _____
3. What I really cannot stand is when he starts
making
sexist remarks
_____________
____________________.
4. Even if it wasn’t necessary, every year Victoria was
taken _______________.
a bath
said to have ______
5. Whenever the car broke down, my uncle would get
give
a really ferocious kick
out and __________
it _________________.
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Delexical Verbs b)
6. Calling a political speech a pack of lies meant that
he was __________
____________________.
making
a serious charge
gave
7. I was so happy with the result, I __________
the
a big hug
examiner ____________________.
8. When Lady Godiva rode through Coventry, only
took
a peep
one man __________
_______________
at her.
9. After hours of debate the committee finally
made/took ___________________________.
a very controversial decision
__________
10. The two school girls looked at the young man and
gave
an involuntary giggle
__________
____________________.
had _____________.
a chinwag
11. So the two men sat down and ____
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Do
Activity 5
on
page 90
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Delexical Verbs c)
del. verb delexical structure
do a job, well, sb a favour, a swap, the honours, the rounds
get better, the impression, lucky, the message
give sb a hard time, a class, an impression, sb a piece of
one’s mind
have a good time, an idea, a shock, the impression, a point, a
laugh
hold court, in high esteem, a position
keep in mind, going, sth on a even keel,
make a deal, headway, progress, do, a mistake, a dash for it
set in motion, the tone, sb free, things right
take the initiative, a look, charge, a leap
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Phrasal Verbs
Warning:
much of the following discussion
will focus on meaning
and as we all know,
meaning is partly individual
and therefore never clear-cut
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Let’s Check
Exploration 3
on
page 86
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Phrasal Verbs a)
back down
back off
barge in
bear up
bounce back
bow out
break away
butt in
cast about
catch on
chip in
climb down
close in
come about
come forward
come round
cool off
crop up
curl up
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cut in
die away
die down
dine out
do in
doze off
drag on
drop by
drop out
ease up
ebb away
end up
fade away
fall apart
fall back
fall behind
fall out
fall through
fight back
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fizzle out
flare up
fool around
forge ahead
get ahead
get along
get by
give in
go ahead
go along
grow up
hang back
hang together
hit out
hold on
lash out
let up
look ahead
look up
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Phrasal Verbs b)
loom up
make off
mount up
move off
move over
nod off
opt out
own up
pass away
pine away
play around
pop up
press ahead
press on
push ahead
rear up
ring off
roll in
run out
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sell out
set in
settle down
settle up
shop around
simmer down
sink in
slip up
speak up
splash out
stand back
stand down
stand in
stay in
stay on
stay up
step aside
step down
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step in
stick around
stock up
stop off
stop over
tag along
tail off
take after
taper off
tick over
touch down
tune in
wade in
walk out
waste away
watch out
wear off
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Phrasal Verbs
• have a different meaning from the form without the
particle
 drop vs. drop in or drop by
• can occur together with a PP
 to press ahead with the new plans
• when transitively used, can shift the particle…
She looked up the word.
She looked the word up in the dictionary.
• … or not
She takes after her mother in many ways.
* She takes her mother after in many ways.
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The Meaning of Phrasal Verbs
• can be close to the particle-free form
 bear vs. bear up
• can show a metaphorical shift
 fall apart, stand back, sink in
• can be very different, especially if the verb is
“delexical”
The gang did their boss in.
The criminals made off with a million pounds.
She takes after her mother.
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And so we reach the end of Part I
But be here next year when we return with the
sensational
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sizzling
scintillating
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sequel
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