Transcript ChAPTER 52 – OLC – Passive Periphrastic

I. The Passive Periphrastic
Ch. 52?
What’s
in
 GERUNDIVES of Obligation – a.k.a. the “passive periphrastic”
(page 174)
Gerundives with the helping verb (form of sum, esse) show
necessity, obligation (p. 174)
The Dative of Agent with gerundives of obligation (page 174)
 Examples of the Gerundive of Obligation in indirect
statement
 The gerundive of intransitive verbs is often used impersonally
(page 174)
 The gerundive showing purpose as the object of curo, mitto
& do (page 174)
 P.S. Memorabilia – famous lines from Vergil (page 175)
 Some glimpses of Augustus (page 114)
celebrō, celebrāre, celebrāvī, celebrātus/a/um = to celebrate
ōrnō, ōrnāre, ōrnāvī, ōrnātus/a/um = to adorn, decorate
appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, apparitūrus/a/um = to appear
precor, precārī, precātus sum = to pray
āra, ārae F. = altar
modus, modī M. = way, kind, sort
omnī modō = in every way; eiusmodi = of this kind, sort
initium, initiī N. = beginning
sacrificium, sacrificiī N. = sacrifice
rēligiō, rēligiōnis F. = reverence, piety
aureus, aurea, aureum = golden, of gold
prīscus, prīsca, prīscum = old, olf-fashioned
sānctus, sāncta, sānctum = holy
sapiēns, sapientis = wise
I. The Passive Periphrastic (gerundive + form of sum, esse)
 GERUNDIVES of Obligation – a.k.a. the “passive
periphrastic” (page 174)…examples :
cēna nōbīs paranda est. = Dinner must be prepared by us. =
We must prepare dinner. [nōbīs is dative of agent]
hortus mihi visitandus est. = the garden must be visited by me
 I must visit the garden.
litterae patrī scrībendae sunt. = the letters must be written by
father  Father must write the letters.
I. The Passive Periphrastic (gerundive + form of sum, esse)
GERUNDIVES of Obligation – a.k.a. the “passive periphrastic”
(page 174)… Gerundives with the helping verb (form of sum, esse)
show necessity, obligation (p. 174 & above) …more examples :
omnēs hī librī mihi legendī sunt. = All these books must be read by me.
= I must read all these books.
Drācō Dormiēns Nunquam Titillandus (est) = A Sleeping Dragon should
never be tickled. ≈ Never tickle a sleeping dragon.
In carcerem iudicī mittendus eris. = You will have to be sent to prison by
the judge. = The judge will have to send you to prison.
 The Dative of Agent with gerundives of obligation (page 174 &
above)
l
English
words
o agendum * = the thing which must be done
o agenda ** = the things which must be done
/ expressions
o memorandum * = something which must be remembered
that have the
o memoranda ** = the things which must be remembered
gerund of
o addendum * = the thing which must be added
o addenda ** = the things which must be added
obligation
o corrigenda ** = the things which must be corrected
sound
o mūtātīs mūtandīs = Because the things have changed, they
had to change (this is an ablative absolute)
* supply est
o Amanda * = Amanda; “she who is fit/worthy to be loved”
** supply sunt
o Miranda * = Miranda; “she who is fit/worthy to be
marveled at”
o legend = a story that must be read
 Examples of the Gerundive of Obligation in indirect
statement…just remember accusative + inf.
1. Māter dīxit cēnam nōbīs parandam esse. = Mother said
that dinner must be prepared by us. = Mother said that we
must prepare dinner. [nōbīs is dative of agent]
2. Magister dīcit omnēs hōs librōs mihi legendōs esse. =
3. Iudex nūntiāvit tē in carcerem mittendum esse. =
4. Hermiōne dīcit drācōnem dormientem nunquam titillandum
(esse) =
 The gerundive of intransitive verbs is often used impersonally (page 174)
Intransitive verbs (i.e., verbs that do not take a direct object; e.g., verbs of
motion) are used impersonally. In this event, the gerundives end in –
ndum, and the helping verb is singular (est, erat, erit, fuit, sit, esset):
Nōbīs eundum est. = We must go. (literally: there must be a
going by us.)
Puellīs festinandum erat. = The girls had to hurry. (literally: It
had to be hurried by the girls)
Nunc est bibendum = There must now be a drinking (i.e.,
Let’s make a toast. Famous poem of Horace)
Hīc omnibus puerīs manendum erit. = All the boys will have to
stay here. (There will have to be a staying by all the boys.)
The gerundive showing purpose as the object of curo, mitto
& do, dare (page 174)… -Sometimes the gerundive agrees
with the object of special verbs showing purpose or intent,
e.g., curāre, dare, mittere (see 52.2):
Domum magistra discipulum puniendum
mīsit. = The teacher sent the student home to
be punished.
Augustus ludōs Capuae celebrandōs curāvit.
= Augustus arranged for (took care to (have))
the games celebrated at Capua.
TRANSLATE into your composition books:
1. res publica regenda est; et cīvēs regendī sunt.
2. carmen mihi scrībendum est.
3. carmina mihi scrībenda sunt. (erant/erunt)
4. verba poetārum militibus audienda sunt.
5. Nos omnes moritūrī sumus. Hoc vōbīs intellegendum est.
6. hic servus miser dominō durō erit liberandus.
7. nunc puerīs abeundum est.
8. urbe captā, nunc nōbīs in exsilium eundum est.
9. Sī bellum gerendum esset, meī amīcī, peterētisne
nova arma?
10. Romam omnibus virīs bonīs veniendum est.
11. Carthago delenda est.
12. volo pecuniam tibi dare ad cenam parandam.
(cenae parandae)
13. dux urbem delendam curāvit.
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Finis
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