Transcript grammar lecture - perfect passive system

Lesson 33: Perfect Passive System
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Before we begin please read pages 226-228 “Grammar”
of your textbook. This will give you a preview of what you
are about to learn. Please do not start freaking, this is
much easier than it first seems.
How is a participle part verb and part adjective?
What principal part does the participle come from?
How do you translate perfect passive participles into
English?
How do these adjectives decline?
What does it mean for a verb to be passive? We learned
this last year…
Why are forms of sum critical for learning the perfect
passive system?
Give an example of a perfect, pluperfect and futureperfect passive verb in English.
Lesson 33: Perfect Passive System
perfect passive participles
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A participle is a verbal adjective. Specifically it is formed
from a verb, but functions as an adjective i.e. it modifies
nouns
The participle you will be learning this week is the perfect
passive participle
The perfect passive participle (ppp) is simply the 4th
principle part of a verb e.g. amatus
There are two ways that you can translate a ppp like
amatus at this point (a) having been loved or (b) loved
Remember – a ppp is an adjective so it either must
modify a (pro)noun or be translated as substantive e.g.
amatum (puer) spectavi would be translated as “I saw the
(having been) loved boy”.
ppp are declined just like any other adjective you have
seen i.e. the masculine forms would be amatus, amati,
amato….
Lesson 33: Perfect Passive System
2 word verbs
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However, if you see a sentence like this “puer amatus
est” it does not mean “the boy is loved”.
The 4th principal part is also used to form the perfect
passive system i.e. perfect, pluperfect and future-perfect
passive verbs
You can generally tell whether it’s a participle or verb by
the position in the sentence. Remember that verbs are
usually at the end of a Latin sentence. Also a form of
“sum” will directly follow the 4th principal part
The perfect passive system is comprised of two word
verbs. The first word will be the 4th principal part of the
verb and the second word will be a form of sum.
The participle ending –us can change to –i, -a, -ae, or
–um depending if the suject is singular or plural and
masculine, feminine or neuter e.g. if our subject is a
group of women, the participle will end in -ae
Lesson 33: Perfect Passive System
forms of the perfect passive system
Perfect Passive (present forms of “sum”)
amatus (-a, -um) sum
I was loved
amatus (-a, -um) es
you were loved
amatus (-a, -um) est
he was loved
amati (-ae, -a) sumus
amati (-ae, -a) estis
amati (-ae, -a) sunt
Pluperfect Passive (imperfect forms of “sum”)
amata (-us, -um) eram
I had been loved
amata (-us, -um) eras
you had been loved
amata (-us, -um) erat
she had been loved
amatae (-i, -a) eramus
amatae (-i, -a) eratis
amatae (-i, -a) erant
Future-Perfect Passive (future forms of “sum”
amatum (-us, -a) ero
I will have been loved
amatum (-us, -a) eris
you will have been loved
amatum (-us, -a) erit
it will have been loved
amata (-i, -ae) erimus
amata (-i, -ae) eritis
amata (-i, -ae) erunt