Transcript Future Time: Be Going To, Will, and the Present Continuous

Future Time: Be Going To, Will,
and the Present Continuous
Grammar Sense 2, Chapter 7
The Future with Be Going to and the
Present Continuous
The Future with Be Going To
 Affirmative Statements
SUBJECT
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
BE
am
are
is
is
is
are
are
are
GOING TO
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
BASE FORM OF VERB
help
later.
help
later.
help
later.
help
later.
help
later.
help
later.
help
later.
help
later.
The Future with Be Going To
 Negative Statements
SUBJECT
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
BE
am
are
is
is
is
are
are
are
NOT
not
not
not
not
not
not
not
not
GOING TO
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
going to
BASE FORM OF VERB
help
help
help
help
help
help
help
help
later.
later.
later.
later.
later.
later.
later.
later.
The Future with Be Going To
 Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
BE
Are
Is
Are
SUBJECT
you
she
they
GOING TO
going to
going to
going to
BASE FORM OF VERB
help
later? Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
help
later? Yes, she is/No, she isn’t.
help
later? Yes, they are./No, they
aren’t.
The Future with Be Going To
 Information Questions
WH-WORD
BE
SUBJECT
GOING TO
BASE FORM OF VERB
Who
What
When
are
is
are
you
she
they
going to
going to
going to
call
do
study
WH-WORD
Who
What
BE
is
is
GOING TO
going to
going to
later?
tomorrow?
at the library?
BASE FORM OF VERB
win
the election?
happen
next?
The Present Continuous
as Future
The Present Continuous as Future
 Affirmative Statements
SUBJECT
BE
BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
She
is
helping
later.
 Negative Statements
SUBJECT
BE
NOT
BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
She
is
not
helping
later.
The Present Continuous as Future
 Yes/No Questions
BE
SUBJECT
BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
Are
they
helping
later?
 Information Questions
WH-WORD
BE
SUBJECT
BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
When
are
they
helping?
Be Going To and the Present
Continuous as Future
Meaning and Use Notes
Meaning and Use: Be Going To and
the Present Continuous as Future
 Use be going to to talk about intentions or future
plans.
I’m going to study hard for the test.
I’m going to visit Greece this summer.
A: What is Josh going to study at college?
B: He’s going to study chemistry.
Meaning and Use: Be Going To and
the Present Continuous as Future
 Use the present continuous tense to talk about intentions
or future plans.
 A future time expression is usually used with the present
continuous to show that the sentence refers to the future
(and not something happening now).
 The verbs go, come, do, and have, as well as verbs related
to travel, are especially common with the present
continuous as future.
Meaning and Use: Be Going To and
the Present Continuous as Future
Examples:
When are you coming to see me?
I’m visiting Greece this summer.
My flight is arriving in the afternoon.
My father is meeting me at the airport.
A: What are you doing tomorrow?
B: I’m having lunch with friends. Then we’re going to a movie.
Meaning and Use: Be Going To and
the Present Continuous as Future
 The present continuous often refers to more definite
plans than be going to.
 With be going to, the speaker often has not decided
on the details.
Meaning and Use: Be Going To and
the Present Continuous as Future
 Present Continuous as Future (Details Definite)
I’m taking a 3:00 flight to Chicago. In Chicago, I’m changing
planes and flying on to Miami.
 Be Going To (Details Not Definite)
A: I’m going to buy a car.
B: What kind are you going to get?
A: I don’t know yet.
Meaning and Use: Be Going To and
the Present Continuous as Future
 Use be going to for predictions (guesses about the future),
especially when there is evidence that something is just
about to happen.
 The present continuous is not used to make predictions.
Be careful! That glass is going to fall!
It’s cloudy. I think it’s going to rain tonight.
X It’s cloudy. I think it’s raining tonight. (INCORRECT)
Future Time Expressions





today
tonight
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
tomorrow morning/afternoon/night
 They’re arriving tomorrow.
 in five minutes
 in a few days
 in a few months
 He’s going to call in a few hours.
Future Time Expressions





this afternoon
this Sunday
this week
this year
This spring

I’m leaving this week.





next Sunday
next week
next August
next month
next year

Next week I’m visiting Ana.
Future Time Expressions




the week after next
the weekend after next
the month after next
the year after next
 We’re having a test the week after next
The Future Will
 Affirmative Statements
SUBJECT
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
WILL
will
will
will
will
will
will
will
will
BASE FORM OF VERB
leave
leave
leave
leave
leave
leave
leave
leave
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
The Future Will
 Negative Statements
SUBJECT
WILL NOT
I
will
not
You
will
not
He
will
not
She
will
not
It
will
not
We
will
not
You
will
not
They
will
not
BASE FORM OF VERB
leave
tomorrow.
leave
tomorrow.
leave
tomorrow.
leave
tomorrow.
leave
tomorrow.
leave
tomorrow.
leave
tomorrow.
leave
tomorrow.
The Future Will
 Contractions
I will leave tomorrow.
I’ll leave tomorrow.
She will leave tomorrow.
She’ll leave tomorrow.
They will leave tomorrow.
They’ll leave tomorrow.
The Future Will
 Contractions
I will not leave tomorrow.
I won’t leave tomorrow.
She will not leave tomorrow.
She won’t leave tomorrow.
They will not leave tomorrow.
They won’t leave tomorrow.
The Future Will
 Yes/No Questions
WILL SUBJECT
BASE FORM OF VERB
Will
Will
Will
you
she
they
leave
leave
leave
tomorrow? Yes, I will./No I won’t.
tomorrow? Yes, she will./No, she won’t.
tomorrow? Yes, they will./No, they won’t.
The Future Will
 Information Questions
WH-WORD
WILL
SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
Who
What
will
will
he
they
WH-WORD
Who
What
WILL
will
will
see
do
at the wedding tomorrow?
later?
BASE FORM OF VERB
leave first?
happen next?
Will vs. Be Going To
 Predictions with Will and Be Going To
Use will or be going to to make predictions (guesses about the future). You
can also use probably and other adverbs with will and be going to to express
certainty.
Will
Electric cars will become popular in the next ten years.
They’ll probably win the championship.
Be Going To
Electric cars are going to become popular in the next ten years.
They’re probably going to win the championship.
Will vs. Be Going To
 With predictions, the meanings of will and be going to
are not exactly the same.
 Use be going to when you are more certain that an
event will happen because there is evidence. Do not
use will in this situation.
She’s going to have a baby.
X She’ll have a baby! (INCORRECT)
Will vs. Be Going To
 Quick Decisions vs. Advance Plans
In statements with I, will, and be going to have different
meanings:
will—often used to express a quick decision at the time of
speaking (such as an offer to help).
be going to—shows that you have thought about something
in advance. Do not use be going to for quick decisions.