Transcript using verbs and pronouns

3 Using Verbs
• Present Perfect (have or
has + past participle) is used
when something happened at
an indefinite time in the past
ex. “My sister has been a Girl
Scout for two years.”
“Have you read any stories by
Sandra Cisneros?”
3 Using Verbs
• Past Perfect (had+ past
participle) is used when
something happened in the past
before another action occurred
ex. “Emily returned the tax notice
that she had received.”
“If he had taken more time, he
would have gotten an A.”
3 Using Verbs
• Future Perfect (will have +
past participle) is used when
something will happen in the
future before another action
occurs in the future.
ex. “By the time John gets
home, the game will have started.”
4 Using Pronouns
• Nominative Case (I, You, he,
she, it, we, you, they, who): use
when the pronoun is the subject
of a verb (even if it comes after the
verb or replaces the subject)
ex. “The only students who
auditioned were he and Carlos.”
“This is she.”
4 Using Pronouns
• Objective Case (me, you, him,
her, it, us, you, them, whom): Use
when the pronoun is the direct
object, indirect object, or the
object of a preposition
• ex. “Who is that beside her?”
– “Virgil helped him.”
Finding Direct and Indirect Objects:
• Direct objects describe who or what receives the action
(subject + verb + who? or what?)
• Example 1: Dennis and Susan ate omelets for breakfast.
• Example 2: Sophia hates when her father lectures her
about her grades.
• Indirect objects identify who is receiving the direct
object (subject + verb + direct object + to what or whom?)
• Example 1: Samuel sent his aunt a postcard from
Martha’s Vineyard.
• Example 2: Marc paints the house for his family.
• Example 3: Alexa gave me her algebra notes.
4 Using Pronouns
• Possessive Case (my, mine,
your, his, hers, its, ours, their):
Use the possessive case before a
gerund
• Ex. “I was impressed by her being
in the top ten.”
– “She was happy about his
shaving his beard.”
4 Using Pronouns
• Reflexive pronouns (myself,
himself, etc.): Use the reflexive
case as when it is both the subject
and the object or to add emphasis
• Ex. I see myself playing marimbas
–He is going to treat himself to ice cream
–I myself saw the murder.
–She caught the killer herself.