Transcript My grammar PowerPoint slides.

The Basic Elements of a
Sentence
Joachim brought a shy girl to my party.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Joachim – noun (proper) and subject of sentence
brought – verb (past tense of to bring)
a – article (indefinite)
shy – adjective
girl – noun and object
to – preposition (introduces prepositional phrase)
my – possessive pronoun (first person)
party - noun
Subject and Predicate
Joachim brought a shy girl to my party.
• subject of the sentence: Joachim
• predicate of the sentence: brought a shy
girl to my party
• With a subject and a predicate, we have a
CLAUSE; An independent clause can form
a SIMPLE SENTENCE.
The Simple Sentence
• one independent clause (subject and
predicate)
• Dogs bite.
• All of the students tried to understand the
strangely unfamiliar grammar lesson.
The Compound Sentence
• two or more independent clauses
• joined by a co-ordinating conjunction (and, but,
or, nor, for, yet, so)
• Dogs bite, but they are still better than cats.
• I call her all the time, yet she never calls back.
• The street was empty, and popcorn is inexpensive.
The Compound Sentence II
• two or more closely-related independent
clauses
• joined by a semi-colon
• Their presentation was interesting; ours was
riveting.
• I do not like coffee; I love it.
The Complex Sentence
• at least one independent clause and a
dependent (subordinate) clause
• joined by a subordinating conjunction
• after, although, because, if, once, since,
unless, when, while . . . (dozens)
• Anna holds her breath until she gets her
way.
• If Mohammad tries to hold his breath, he
goes unconscious.
The Compound-Complex
Sentence
• at least two independent clauses and a
dependent clause
• Pei laughed when Ali tripped; Ali did not
laugh at all.
• Since we could not see into the bear’s den,
we were not sure it was empty, so we
waited.
The Comma
• I knew I was going to be late, so I went
back to sleep.
• The required subjects are mathematics,
physics, and English.
• I find that a shower a day, whether I need it
or not, helps to keep my friendships intact.
• Although quiet by day, the club became a
noisy, smoky dive at night.
• He said, “I really like your hair like that!”
The Semi-colon
• I’m too tired; however, I will try to stay
awake.
• We should eat more legumes, such as
chickpeas; fruit, including tomatoes; and
grains, such as barley.
The Colon
• Eventually, only one thing occupied my
every thought: eating.
• We do not need to think about many bodily
functions: digestion, respiration, and blood
circulation, for example.
• He said the wrong thing: “Your hair looks
cute!”
The Apostrophe
Apostrophe Protection Society (U.K.)
•
use the apostrophe to form possessives
•
use the apostrophe to indicate the
omission of letters