Transcript Presentation

Week 4
Copyright 09/2014
9th grade English teachers
Ms. Roberson
Ms. Richards
Ms. Collier
Our
Students Rock!
Learning Goals
• SPI 3001.1.15 using references (dictionaries, ect.) to
determine aspects of a given word.
• SPI 3001.6.3 determine the appropriateness of a graphic
used to support an informational or technical passage
• SPI 3001.1 parts of speech focus on modifiers: adjectives
and adverbs
• SPI 3001.8.9 identify the stated or implied theme in a
series of passages: “If I Forget Thee, Oh Earth” and an
excerpt from “Silent Spring”
• SPI 3001.5.4 analyze cause and effect in text
• SPI 3001.1.8 general pronoun use – may use “Uncle
Marcos”
• SPI 3001.3.11 determine a writer’s purpose; excerpt from
A White House Diary / Secret Life of Walter Mitty/Uncle
Marcos
• SPI 3001.1.1 focus on verb use, tense, voice, and mood
Types of reference books
• Dictionary – word definitions, parts of speech, and
origins
• Thesaurus – synonyms and antonyms
• Atlas- maps, charts, and tables on any subject
• Encyclopedia – reference books with general
information on various topics
• Anthology – collection of short stories and/or poems
Etymology: time and place of a word’s
origin
Pulchritudinous
[puhl-kri-tood-n-uh s, -tyood-]
(word)
(pronunciation)
adjective1.physically beautiful; comely.
(Part of speech,
definition)
1910-15, Americanism; < Latin pulchritūdin(stem of pulchritūdō) + -ous
(etymology)
Electronic references
• Credibility: a source is credible if it from a recognized
source such as a person affiliated with good companies
or organizations, a major university, or a well- respected
organization like National Geographic
• Reliable: a source is reliable if its information can be
verified on other reputable sources
• Timeliness matters: information may become wrong
over time. Use recent informational sources when
possible.
(Example: Pluto is no longer
considered a planet.)
Finding reference material online
• Boolean searches
• Putting words in quotation marks limits your
search results to places where those words are in
that order together “Egyptian draught 2012”
• Entering a plus will yield results that combine
ideas
rivers + Tennessee
• Entering a minus sign will limit the search
rivers - Tennessee
Warning: there are nut jobs out
there. Do not believe all you read.
• Chat rooms are dangerous places.
• Some Webpages post lies on purpose
to see how many people they can mislead.
Giving personal information puts you
at risk to be stalked by bad people. Do
not give personal information over the
internet. Ever! If in doubt about a
Webpage, ask a SRO, parent, or teacher.
Types of web sites
•
•
•
•
•
.com = businesses; anyone can have .com
.edu =
educational organizations
.net =
networks of people
.org=
non-profit organizations
.gov=
government sites
Credibility range: .gov and .edu are heavily watched, so
they tend to be very credible because they are forced to
change when errors are found.
.org and .net are only as good as the organization or
network, so be somewhat careful
.com is not considered reliable at all because there is no
governance for the internet at large
Graphics
• Common sense is a good guide for determining
if graphics are appropriate.
Which graphic works for selling cookies?
Types of graphics: charts
•
•
•
•
Pie charts show the percentages that make the
whole
Line graphs track changes over time
Bar graphs show various categories and
allows for comparisons to be seen.
• Back inside cover of Scope Magazine has many charts
Writer’s Purpose:
to entertain – novels, poems, short stories
to inform- to teach (expository)
to persuade – to convince the reader to think
something or do something (argue/persuade)
to describe- to help the reader visualize
to reflect – to think about lessons one learned
from past events
Remember: there is a difference
between argument and persuasion
• Persuasion: think emotions – remember
commercials to give money to save ALL the puppies
and kittens who need homes on TV.
• Argument: think facts – remember the projected
difference in incomes between high school graduates
and non-high school graduates.
(Stay in school! $250,000 over a lifetime.)
Focus on modifiers (review)
• Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns and answer
the following questions:
Which one? What kind? How many?
(We remember this by describing our dream
car!)
Which one? Make and model
What kind? Red, fast, two-door
How many? One car—Just one
great car will do for most!
Focus on modifiers (review)
Adverbs describe adverbs, verbs, and
adjectives. We remember this because the words
are hinted at in the word ADVERB. Do you see
VERB? Do you see the word adverb in adverb? How
about the AD? There is only one other part of speech
that starts with AD—ADjective.
You can remember the parts of speech adverbs modify
this way.
Easy peasy
Questions adverbs answer
Adverbs answer
How? Quickly, slowly (notice many ly endings)
When? Later, sooner, yesterday, now
Where? Here, there, over, up, down
To what extent? Not, no, never, always, seldom
We remember this with our parent sentence. “I love
you very much!” (Much is how you are loved and
very is to what extent “much.”)
Stated verses implied theme
• State theme: The author will tell you the life-lesson
they want you to get. (Example: This story is about
the dangers of dropping out of school.)
• Implied theme: You have to deduce what the
theme is from the context. (Example: If you drop
out of school, you are limiting your income. You
will limit your options for employment. You will
limit your options for promotions at work.)
Cause and effect in literature is much
like in life. Look to see what is causing
something else to happen.
• Cause: it rains
• Cause: graduate
Effect: the ground gets wet
Effect: have more options
Literature
• Cause: Montressor thinks Fortunato mistreated
him, Effect so Montressor murders Fortunato.
• Cause: Walter Mitty has a boring and unfulfilling
life, Effect so he fantasizes he is a hero with an
interesting life often.
General Pronoun Use
• Agreement with antecedent p. 181-183
Pronouns must agree in gender and number
• Case form p. 223-231 First, second, and third
case
• Usage p. 229-239
Verbs
• Review tense p. 202 – 206 (Big goal: understand
that if something is written in one tense (past or
present), the whole thing needs to stay in that
tense.
• Active and passive voice. You must use active
voice. The subject has to do the action.
• Sally read the book.
• The book was read by Sally.
Troublesome Verbs
• Lie verses Lay
• Lie means to recline
• Lay means to put or place
(Here is how you can remember the difference: People
frequently tell their dog to “Lay down!” They are really
commanding their dog to put or place something on the carpet!
Oh, no. Think about the only thing the dog has that it can
deposit on the carpet. The dog is probably thinking, “Do you
want #1 or should I choose?”
We should say, “Lie!” to our dogs. We want them to recline on
the floor.
Sit verses set
• Sit means to lower oneself into a resting
position.
• Set means to put or place something.
I bet if someone said, “Sit the table.” They would
be shocked if you went and sat on it. We set a
table. We set a pen down.
You sit in a chair.
Rise verses raise
• You can remember this because the sun rises in the
East. No one pulls it up into position in the sky. As
the Earth turns, there it is.
• You raise your hand in class because it does not
move on its own.
• We raise the flag on the flagpole each morning. It
does not get to the top on its own.
Mood
• There are three forms that show the attitude of the
person using the verb.
• Indicative mood – express a fact, opinion, or
question (I think he is the best athlete.)
• Imperative mood – expresses a direct command
(Halt!) (Clean your room.)
• Subjunctive mood- expresses a suggestion, a
necessity, or a condition contrary to fact. (If I were
you, I would study every night.)