Transcript Review of Imperfect and Pluperfect

A Quick Review of
Imperfect and
Pluperfect Tense in
the Indicative
and
the Subjunctive
To make the imperfect
indicative, start with the
INFINITIVE
Remove the
“RE”
Easy!
Then add the appropriate ending:
bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant
Well, there is one more little thing.
IF your verb is “-io, ere” or “-io, -ire”
(in other words, third “io” or fourth)
mark off the ere/ire and add “ie + bam”,
or whatever personal ending is needed.
I knew it-there’s
always ‘one more
little thing’!
The verb can translate several ways that will express
progressive action in past time.
For example:
Amabat can mean
“he was loving”
“he used to love”
“he kept loving”
The imperfect subjunctive is even easier!!!!
Just take the infinitive and add
“m, s, t, mus, tis, nt” as needed.
And now, of course, there will be
an exception to this ‘easiness’?
Of course. We have to deal with
DEPONENT VERBS!
Their infinitives end with an “i”. We need to
convert them to “re” forms, so we just use this
little table.
“ari” changes to “are’
Then
“eri” changes to “ēre”
add your
“i” changes to “ere”
ending!
“iri” changes to “ire”
Usually, this imperfect subjunctive
will translate just as
the imperfect indicative did.
Amaret still means “he was loving”,
“he used to love”, or “he kept loving”.
The difference is that
it is NOT your main verb.
We will talk later about special translations
of the imperfect subjunctive!
Of course
we will!
Now, on to
the
PLUPERFECT!
The pluperfect
REALLY is easy!!
We’ll see.
Convince
me
There are NO
exceptions!!!
One size REALLY fits all!
All pluperfect active forms
start with the
3rd Principal Part.
For the pluperfect indicative,
take the 3rd part , take off the “i” and
add “era” plus “m, s, t, mus, tis, nt”.
In other words, use the perfect stem
plus a form of “eram”.
For the pluperfect subjunctive, use the 3rd part and add
“sse” plus one of the personal endings. (m, s, you know)
That IS
easy!!!!
In other words,
add the personal ending
to the PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE!
Translate
the pluperfect
with the helping word
“had”.
Amaverat= he had loved
Amavisset =he had loved
(but this won’t be a main verb)
Special situations will be explained later!
So, have you got it?
Of course!
Try forming these.
Then check the next slide
for the correct answers.
1. He was escaping-Ind .
2. He was escaping- Subj
3. He had escaped- Ind
4. He had escaped- Subj.
1. Evadebat
2. Evaderet
3. Evaserat
4. Evasisset
Woo Hoo!
I’m a genius!!!!!!
Of course you are!
Now, go
to your quia account and
log in to
session HWA26
to complete and submit
your assignment.