Transcript Diapositiva 1 - San Luis Rey

LET’S REVIEW THESE TOPICS:
• EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
• GERUND AS A SUBJECT AND AN
OBJECT.
• NEED + NOUN PHRASE
• CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
• EMBEDDED QUESTIONS ARE QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE
AN INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS BEFORE THEM. THE
INDIRECT QUESTION DOES NOT HAVE A QUESTION
FORM.THEREIS NOT CHANGE OF TENSES.
• INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS:
• COULD YOU TELL ME……….?
• DO YOU KNOW……………….?
• YES/ NO QUESTIONS
• THESE QUESTIONS USE “IF”.
• DO YOU KNOW IF……………………….?
EXAMPLES:
• WHERE IS THE POST OFFICE?
• COULD YOU TELL ME WHERE THE POST OFFICE
IS?
• WHEN DOES THE FILM START?
• DO YOU KNOW WHEN THE FILM STARTS?
• IS THIS THE RIGHT STREET?
• DO YOUKNOW IF THIS IS THE RIGHT STREET?
NOW PRACTICE:
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WHAT’S THE TIME?
COULD YOU TELL ME …………………………….?
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
DO YOU KNOW……………………………………..?
HOW MUCH DOES THIS COST?
COULD YOU TELL ME……………………………..?
WHAT TIME DOES THE MUSEUM OPEN?
DO YOU KNOW……………………………………..?
IS THIS TRAFALGAR SQUARE?
COULD YOU TELL ME ……………………………..?
WHEN DOES THIS BUS LEAVE?
DO YOU KNOW……………………………………..?
GERUND AS A SUBJECT AND AN
OBJECT:
A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing.“
The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You
can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or
the object of a sentence.
Examples:
 Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence
 Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence
 I enjoy reading. object of sentence
 Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."
Examples:
 He enjoys not working.
 The best thing for your health is not smoking.
GERUND AS A SUBJECT:
GERUND AS A SUBJECT GOES FIRST AND THE
SENTENCE IS UNDERSTOOD.
• READING HISTORY BOOKS ARE INTERESTING.
• PLAYING SOCCER IS FUN.
• DRINKING WATER IS HEALTHY.
• EATING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ARE GOOD FOR
YOU.
• FLYING KITES ARE AMAZING.
• JUMPING HIGH IS GREAT.
GERUND AS AN OBJECT:
GERUND AS AN OBJECT GOES AFTER OTHER VERBS.
VERBS THAT WORK WITH GERUND.
THESE ARE THE VERBS:
ENJOY – LIKE – LOVE – PREFER – HATE – DON’T MIND –
DON’T LIKE – FINISH – APPRECIATE – AVOID – SUGGEST –
UNDERSTAND – POSTPONE- CONSIDER – CAN’T HELP
EXAMPLES:
 I ENJOY READING MAGAZINES.
 SHE FINISHES DOING HER HOMEWORK.
 WE LOVE DANCING.
 THEY HATE RUNNING IN THE PARK.
COMPLETE WITH A GERUND AS A
SUBJECT:
___________ FRUIT IS DELICIOUS.
___________ EXERCISES IS GOOD.
___________ MAGAZINES ARE INTERESTING.
___________ LETTERS ARE FUN.
___________ IN ENGLISH IS DIFFICULT.
___________ IS GOOD EXERCISE.
___________ CHESS REQUIRES GREAT
CONCENTRATION
COMPLETE WITH A GERUND VERB AS
AN OBJECT:
 I enjoy (cook) _____________ gourmet meals.
 We finished (eat) _____________ around
seven.
 I like (meet) _____________ new friends.
 Let’s keep (work) _____________ on the
homework.
 I went (fish) _____________ early in the
morning.
 If he keeps __________to work late, he's going
to get fired!
NEED
SUBJECT +
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NEED +
NOUN PHRASE
EXAMPLES:
They are too tight, they need a big house.
It’s too hot and Marcos needs a bath.
We’re thirsty. We need a drink.
Pablo needs a red pen to check the homework.
They need colors to paint their pictures.
To play baseball, you _need a bat and a ball.
I want to make a cake. I need flour, fat and water.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
SUBJECT + DOESN’T / DON’T + NEED + NOUN
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EXAMPLES:
I have an alarm at home. I don’t need a watchman.
Susy has twenty purses, she doesn’t need a new one.
To swim, you don’t need an oxygen tank.
It’s too hot. We don’t need a jacket.
Peter uses pens to write, he doesn’t need a pencil.
She’s okay! She doesn’t need another job.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH: NEED –
NEEDS – DON’T NEED OR DOESN’T NEED.
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SHE ____________________ A BLUE DRESS.
(+)
THEY___________________ A HORSE.
(-)
RAUL ___________________A SCOOTER.
(-)
WE _____________________ MONEY.
(+)
THE CAT ________________ A FISH.
(+)
HELLEN _________________ A DOLL.
(-)
I ________________________ PIZZA.
(-)
YOU _____________________ A BALL TO PLAY SOCCER.
(+)
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
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THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
Type
condition
I
:
condition possible to fulfill
II
:
condition in theory possible to fulfill
III
:
condition not possible to fulfill (too late)
type
if clause
main clause
I
Simple Present
will-future (or Modal + infinitive)
II
Simple Past
would + infinitive *
III
Past Perfect
would + have + past participle *
THE IF – CLAUSES CAN GO
AT THE BEGINNING
type
if clause
main clause
I
If I study,
I will pass the exam.
II
If I studied,
I would pass the exam.
III
If I had studied,
I would have passed the
exam.
AT THE END
type
main clause
if-clause
I
I will pass the exam
if I study.
II
I would pass the
exam
if I studied.
III
I would have passed
if I had studied.
the exam
NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
type
Examples
long forms
short/contracted forms
+
If I study, I will pass the exam.
If I study, I'll pass the
exam.
-
If I study, I will not fail the exam.
If I do not study, I will fail the
exam.
If I study, I won't fail the
exam.
If I don't study, I'll fail
the exam.
+
If I studied, I would pass the exam.
If I studied, I'd pass the
exam.
-
If I studied, I would not fail the
exam.
If I did not study, I would fail the
exam.
If I studied, I wouldn't
fail the exam.
If I didn't study, I'd fail
the exam.
+
If I had studied, I would have
passed the exam.
If I'd studied, I'd have
passed the exam.
-
If I had studied, I would not have
failed the exam.
If I had not studied, I would have
failed the exam.
If I'd studied, I wouldn't
have failed the exam.
If I hadn't studied, I'd
have failed the exam.
I
II
III
NOW PRACTICE: TYPE I
Example: If I __ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk.
Answer: If I go to the café, I will not drink milk.
1) If it __________(to rain), the children_________(not/to go) for a
walk.
2) If she __________(not/to read) the novel, she ________(not/to
pass) the literature test.
3) If I _____________(not/to argue) with my father, he________(to
lend) me his motorbike.
4) If we ___________(to take) the bus, we ____________(not/to
arrive) in time.
5) If Dick ________(not/to buy) the book, his friends ___________(to
be) angry with him.
NOW PRACTICE: TYPE II
Example: If I __ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink) milk.
Answer: If I went to the café, I would not drink milk.
1) If Oliver ________(to find) money, he _________(not/to keep) it.
2) If they ________(not/to wear) pullovers in the mountains, it
___(to be) too cold during the night.
3) If Tony __________(to know) her phone number, he ______(not/to
give) it to Frank.
4) If we ________(not/to visit) this museum, you _______(not/to
write) a good report.
5) If it ________(not/to be) so late, we ________(to play) a game of
chess.
NOW PRACTICE: TYPE III
Example: If I _______ (to go) to the café, I ________ (not/to drink)
milk.
Answer: If I had gone to the café, I would not have drunk milk. or
If I'd gone to the café, I wouldn't have drunk milk.
1) If you _______(to check) the car, it ______(not/to break) down in
the middle of the desert.
2) If it _______(not/to rain), the children ______(to play) outside.
3) If my parents _____(not/to be) so tired, they ______(to watch) the
film on TV.
4) If she _______(to buy) a new hard disk, she _______(not/to lose)
all data.
5) If we _______(to use) the town map, we _________(not/to get)
lost.