Transcript Reviewing Basic Sentence Patterns

Lesson 22
Joseph C. Blumenthal
the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
All the italicized words are used like adjectives
because they modify _____. (What class of
words?)
the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
All the italicized words are used like adjectives
because they modify nouns. (What class of
words?)
the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
All the italicized words, which resemble both
adjectives and verbs, are participles.
They are present participles because they end in
___.
the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
All the italicized words, which resemble both
adjectives and verbs, are participles.
They are present participles because they end in
ing.
a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato
The italicized words after letter b are also used as
adjectives. Were they also formed from verbs?
(yes, no)
a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato
The italicized words after letter b are also used as
adjectives. Were they also formed from verbs?
(yes, no)
a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato
The italicized words after letter b are also
participles because they were formed from
verbs and are used as adjectives. However,
they are not present participles because they
do not end in ___.
a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato
The italicized words after letter b are also
participles because they were formed from
verbs and are used as adjectives. However,
they are not present participles because they
do not end in ing.
a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato
The participles after b are past participles.
The participles that do not end in –ing are the
(present, past) participles.
a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato
b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato
The participles after b are past participles.
The participles that do not end in –ing are the
(present, past) participles.
Most past participles end in –ed (entertained).
But some also have other endings like: -d
(told), -en (broken), -n (torn), and –t (bent).
The past participle of a verb is the form you
would use after have; for example, have
opened, have broken, have torn.
The past participle of see is ____.
Most past participles end in –ed (entertained).
But some also have other endings like: -d
(told), -en (broken), -n (torn), and –t (bent).
The past participle of a verb is the form you
would use after have; for example, have
opened, have broken, have torn.
The past participle of see is seen.
Remember that the past participle of a verb is the
same form you would use after have.
The past participle of teach is _____.
Remember that the past participle of a verb is the
same form you would use after have.
The past participle of teach is taught.
The past participle of wear is ____.
The past participle of wear is worn.
Past participles—like present participles—also
form useful phrases that modify nouns and
pronouns.
The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her
seat.
The past participle phrase in this sentence
modifies the noun _____.
Past participles—like present participles—also
form useful phrases that modify nouns and
pronouns.
The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her
seat.
The past participle phrase in this sentence
modifies the noun woman.
Past participle phrase can often shifted about.
Annoyed by the smoke, the woman changed her
seat.
The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her
seat.
The woman changed her seat, annoyed by the
smoke.
Can a past participial phrase be some distance
away from the noun it modifies? (yes, no)
Past participle phrase can often shifted about.
Annoyed by the smoke, the woman changed her
seat.
The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her
seat.
The woman changed her seat, annoyed by the
smoke.
Can a past participial phrase be some distance
away from the noun it modifies? (yes, no)
Hayes threw himself down, exhausted from the
race.
The participial phrase is separated by several by
several words from the word it modifies, the
noun _____.
Hayes threw himself down, exhausted from the
race.
The participial phrase is separated by several by
several words from the word it modifies, the
noun Hayes.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
The phrase with the (present, past) participle
represents Carl as doing two things.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
The phrase with the (present, past) participle
represents Carl as doing two things.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
The phrase with the (present, past) participle
represents Carl as having something done to
him.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends,
Carl read the newspaper.
The phrase with the (present, past) participle
represents Carl as having something done to
him.
To show that something has been done to a person
or a thing, we use a (present, past) participle.
To show that something has been done to a person
or a thing, we use a (present, past) participle.
To emphasize that the action of a participle has
been entirely completed before another action,
use having before the past participle (having
finished, having seen).
a. Glancing through the paper, I laid it aside.
b. Having glanced through the paper, I laid it
aside.
Which sentence is correct? (a, b)
To emphasize that the action of a participle has
been entirely completed before another action,
use having before the past participle (having
finished, having seen).
a. Glancing through the paper, I laid it aside.
b. Having glanced through the paper, I laid it
aside.
Which sentence is correct? (a, b)
a. Having finished his homework, Fred went to
bed.
b. Finishing his homework, Fred went to bed.
Which sentence is correct? (a, b)
a. Having finished his homework, Fred went to
bed.
b. Finishing his homework, Fred went to bed.
Which sentence is correct? (a, b)
It is very simple to change a sentence to a past
participle phrase when its verb consists of two
words—some form of be followed by a past
participle; for example, is built, was invited,
were surprised.
It was taken from a plane.
Does the above sentence contain such a verb?
(yes, no)
It is very simple to change a sentence to a past
participle phrase when its verb consists of two
words—some form of be followed by a past
participle; for example, is built, was invited,
were surprised.
It was taken from a plane.
Does the above sentence contain such a verb?
(yes, no)
(It was) taken from a plane.
To change the above sentence to a past participial
phrase, start your phrase with the “readymade” past participle _____, dropping all the
words that precede it.
(It was) taken from a plane.
To change the above sentence to a past participial
phrase, start your phrase with the “readymade” past participle taken, dropping all the
words that precede it.
This is a picture of our town. (It was) taken
from a plane.
This is a picture of our town taken from a plane.
The participle phrase modifies the noun ______.
This is a picture of our town. (It was) taken
from a plane.
This is a picture of our town taken from a plane.
The participle phrase modifies the noun picture.
The roads were covered with ice.
What is the two-word verb in this sentence?
___________.
The roads were covered with ice.
What is the two-word verb in this sentence?
were covered.
The roads were covered with ice.
Is one of the words in the two-word verb a past
participle? (yes, no)
The roads were covered with ice.
Is one of the words in the two-word verb a past
participle? (yes, no)
(The roads were) covered with ice. They were
treacherous.
We can change the italicized sentence to a
participle phrase by starting the phrase with
the past participle _______.
(The roads were) covered with ice. They were
treacherous.
We can change the italicized sentence to a
participle phrase by starting the phrase with
the past participle covered.
(The roads were) covered with ice. They were
treacherous.
the roads
Covered with ice, they were treacherous.
To let the reader know what the sentence is
about, we must substitute the roads for
pronoun ____ in main statement.
(The roads were) covered with ice. They were
treacherous.
the roads
Covered with ice, they were treacherous.
To let the reader know what the sentence is
about, we must substitute the roads for
pronoun they in main statement.
If you lose a noun in making a participial phrase,
put this noun back at the beginning of your
main statement.
The book was autographed by Nin. It brought a
high price.
Fill in the blank space:
Autographed by Nin, ________ brought a high
price.
If you lose a noun in making a participial phrase,
put this noun back at the beginning of your
main statement.
The book was autographed by Nin. It brought a
high price.
Fill in the blank space:
Autographed by Nin, the book brought a high
price.
Put a comma after any participial phrase that
comes at the beginning of a sentence.
a. Located near a factory the store does a big
business.
b. We visited an old church built before the
American Revolution.
Which sentence requires a comma? (a, b)
Put a comma after any participial phrase that
comes at the beginning of a sentence.
a. Located near a factory the store does a big
business.
b. We visited an old church built before the
American Revolution.
Which sentence requires a comma? (a, b)
Put a comma before a participial phrase at the
end of a sentence only if it modifies the
subject at the beginning of the sentence.
a. We stayed at a delightful inn operated by the
state.
b. The audience grew restless bored by the long
speech.
Which sentence requires a comma? (a, b)
Put a comma before a participial phrase at the
end of a sentence only if it modifies the
subject at the beginning of the sentence.
a. We stayed at a delightful inn operated by the
state.
b. The audience grew restless bored by the long
speech.
Which sentence requires a comma? (a, b)
Combine each pair of sentences by changing the
italicized sentence to a past participial phrase.
Insert a comma wherever needed.
SAMPLE
The trainer entered the cage. He was armed only
with a whip.
Combine each pair of sentences by changing the
italicized sentence to a past participial phrase.
Insert a comma wherever needed.
SAMPLE
The trainer entered the cage. He was armed only
with a whip.
The trainer entered the cage, armed only with a
whip.
Write the following answers on your own
sheet of paper.
Combine each pair of sentences by changing the
italicized sentence to a past participial phrase.
Insert a comma wherever needed.
1. Little Women was written by Louisa May Alcott
in 1868. It soon became a favorite.
Combine each pair of sentences by changing the
italicized sentence to a past participial phrase.
Insert a comma wherever needed.
2. Tatum intercepted the pass. It was intended for
Warfield.
Combine each pair of sentences by changing the
italicized sentence to a past participial phrase.
Insert a comma wherever needed.
3. The candidate was questioned about his policies. He
gave only vague answers.
Combine each pair of sentences by changing the
italicized sentence to a past participial phrase.
Insert a comma wherever needed.
4. The bandit was surrounded by police. He gave
himself up.
Eliminate the and by changing the italicized
statement to a past participial phrase. Insert a
comma wherever needed.
5. The car was forced off the road and went into a
ditch.
Follow the directions given in the previous
frame:
6. A crowd gathered around the excavation, and
they were fascinated by the steam shovel.
Follow the directions given in the previous
frame:
7. The article was written hastily and contained
many inaccuracies.
Follow the directions given in the previous
frame:
8. Mrs. Li owns a sports car, and it was imported
from Italy.
Follow the directions given in the previous
frame:
9. Small boats were warned by the Coast Guard and
headed for shore.
Follow the directions given in the previous
frame:
a. hearing, intending, thinking, falling
b. filled, sold, spoken, worn, spent, followed
10. Which group of words could be used as past
participles?
Follow the directions given in the previous
frame:
11. A phrase built on either a present or a past
participle is used as an ________ to modify a
noun or pronoun.
Follow the directions given in the previous
frame:
a. Frank was raised on a farm.
b. He knew the problems of the farmer.
12. Which sentence could be changed to a past
participial phrase? (a, b)
You are done!!!