Transcript PAST PARTICIPLES

ESTAR
+
PAST PARTICIPLES
So what, exactly, is a
past participle?
A past participle is the form of a verb,
typically ending in -ed in English, that
is used in forming perfect and passive
tenses and sometimes as an adjective.
Examples of past participles:
FINISHED
FALLEN
EATEN
DANCED
INSPIRED
CALLED
STOOD
SLEPT
PLAYED
Think of these words after HAVE or HAD.
Two uses of participles
1.) VERB
2.) ADJECTIVE
To form the REGULARES:
1.) Drop of the infinitive ending.
2.) For -AR verbs: add “ado”
hablar → ado:
sacar → ado:
hablado = spoken
sacado = taken
3.) For -ER/-IR verbs: add “ido”
comer → ido:
vivir → ido:
comido = eaten
vivido = lived
Ejemplos:
decorar
decorado
decorated
conocer
conocido
known
preferido
preferred
preferir
Pause for practice: ACT 1
Las Respuestas
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
sentado
escondido
comido
encendido
parado
hablado
Uso #1: COMO VERBO
A past participle is the part of the verb
which is used to form compound
tenses. Use the present perfect to
tell what a person has done.
Hemos terminado..
We have finished.
No te había visto.
I hadn’t seen you.
No te preocupes si no
entiendes el uso con
verbos. Nosotros vamos a
aprenderlo en Capítulo 5.
Uso #2: COMO ADJETIVO
Past participles can also function as adjectives.
Many adjectives in Spanish are actually PAST
PARTICIPLES of verbs. If used as an adjective,
They must agree in both gender and number
with the noun they modify.
Las ventanas están rotas.
The windows are broken.
VENTANAS = femenino/plural
ROTAS = femenino/plural
El trabajo está terminado.
The work is finished.
TRABAJO = masculino/singular
TERMINADO = masculino/singular
Estar + Past Participle
The past participle is frequently used with estar to
describe CONDITIONS that are the result of a
previous action. In those cases, the past participle
agrees with the subject in gender and number
because it is used as an adjective.
The painter is seated.
La pintora está sentada.
The walls were painted.
Las paredes estaban pintadas.
Some verbs have irregular
past participles.
Remember this acronym:
REVV MAC PHDD
R
E
V
V
Romper
Escribir
Ver
Volver
Roto
Escrito
Visto
Vuelto
Broken
Written
Seen
Returned
M
A
C
Morir
Abrir
Cubrir
Muerto
Abierto
Cubierto
Died
Opened
Covered
P
H
D
D
Poner
Hacer
Decir
Devolver
Puesto
Hecho
Dicho
Devuelto
Put/Placed
Done/Made
Said
Returned
There is one more verb in the
chapter that is not in the
acronym:
(R)
Resolver
Resuelto
Resolved
Or… you can sing my song!
To the tune of “Happy Birthday”
Dicho, Hecho, Puesto
Roto, Vuelto, Visto
Devuelto, Escrito
Abierto, Muerto
¡Cubierto!
More IRREGULARES
Most verbs that have two vowels together in the
infinitive have a written accent on the í of the past
participle.
Caer
 Oír
 Traer
 Leer
 Reír
 Sonreír
 Creer

Caído
Oído
Traído
Leído
Reído
Sonreído
Creído
Pause for practice: ACT 2
Las Respuestas
La clase
(preparar)
Los platos
(lavar)
El trofeo
(ganar)
El cuarto
(arreglar)
Los artistas
(conocer)
Las mesas
(poner)
preparada
Los vasos
(romper)
rotos
lavados
El gato
(morir)
muerto
ganado
El poema
(escribir)
escrito
arreglado
Las puertas
(cerrar)
cerradas
conocidos
Las bebidas
(beber)
bebidas
puestas
Los árboles
(caer)
caídos