Transcript El Subjuntivo

EL SUBJUNTIVO
¿QUÉ ES EL SUBJUNTIVO?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pt5Dbng7jpQ
The Subjunctive is used to express the hypotethical, things with doubt,
commands, wishes, if clauses, maybe…
CÓMO SE FORMA…
1. Put verb in the “yo” form
2. Drop “o”
3. Add the opposite ending
AR
ER/IR
AR
ER/IR
LOS IRREGULARES
DISHES
DAR
IR
SER
LOS IRREGULARES - DISHES
HABER
ESTAR
SABER
LOS USOS
In order to use the subjunctive you must have two things
1. A compound sentence with a subject change (que)
2. A trigger verb in the beginning part of the sentence
We are happy that you have studied well for the test.
TRIGGER VERBS…
The Subjunctive is a ‘WEIRDO’ Verb Tense
W
For wants, wishes, and desires.
Quiero que / Me gusta que hables.
E
For shows of Outward Emotion
Me alegra que / Temo que hables.
I
For impersonal Statements
Es importante que hables.
R
For requests (Nules personal or an affirmation)
Te mando que hables.
D
For doubt or denial
Dudo que / Niego que hables.
O
For ‘Ojalá’ . . . a key noun clause in the subjunctive.
Ojalá que hables.
OJALÁ
I hope that…
I hope that we win the game
I hope to be a doctor.
WANTS/WISHES
The subjunctive is used following expressions of hope or desire.
Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change.
Verbos que expresan deseos y esperanzas:
ESPERAR – TO HOPE
DESEAR – TO HOPE/WISH
QUERER – TO WANT
NECESITAR – TO NEED
PEDIR – TO ASK/ORDER
PREFERIR – TO PREFER
INSISTIR EN – TO INSIST ON
EXIGIR – TO DEMAN
MANDAR – TO COMMAND
ARE THESE VERBS IN THE INDICATIVE OR SUBJUNCTIVE?
PRACTIQUEMOS
1. THEY WANT YOU TO RECEIVE MANY GIFTS FOR YOUR
BIRTHDAY.
2. I wish THAT WE DIDN’T HAVE A GRAMMAR QUIZ THIS
WEEK.
3. YOU HOPE TO LEAVE EARLY TODAY.
4. I HOPE THAT THE SUBJUNCTIVE ISN’T TOO HARD.
STEMCHANGERS
-AR and –ER stem changers change the same way in the subjunctive as in the
present tense.
-Form the “zapato”, no change in the nosotros and the vosotros forms. ¡Ten
cuidado con cambios de otrografía! (spelling: car,gar,zar)
PENSAR
PODER
IR STEMCHANGERS
-e-i changers change in ALL forms
Pedir
IR STEM-CHANGERS
-e-ie,i & o-ue,u are a little different, they have the normal stem change in
the “zapato”… but outside of the shoe there is a different change.
DORMIR
SENTIR
REQUESTS
The subjunctive is used following phrases that indicate a request,
need or a persuasion.
Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject
change.
Common verbs of Request:
Aconsejar
Insistir en
Pedir (e-i)
Preferir (e-ie)
Recomendar (e-ie)
Sugerir (e-ie)
Hacer falta
Necesitar
PRACTIQUEMOS
I need for you to finish the project quickly.
The teachers prefer that we don’t arrive late to class.
My mom insists that I go to the museum today.
You advise them to learn how to dance.
IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS
The subjunctive is used following impersonal expressions.
Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change.
Impersonal expressions are expressions that do not have a particular
subject, and us the verb ser.
Es + adjetivo = impersonal expression
All impersonal expressions require the conjugated verb to be in the
subjunctive mood.
Es terrible
Es mejor
Es possible
Es fácil
Es importante
Es difícil+que +subjuntivo
Es imposible
Es triste
Es bueno
Es necesario
Es dudoso
HOWEVER…
When impersonal expressions express a certainty
and are followed by a conjugated verb it is ALWAYS
in the indicative mood.
Es cierto Es verdad Es claro –
Es obvio es seguro No es dudosoEs cierto que tiene mucho dinero.
Es verdad que llagan esta tarde.
PRACTIQUEMOS
It’s necessary that you practice your projects.
It’s better that we study every night.
It’s true that you all are very smart.
It’s good that they leave on time.
EMOTIONS
The subjunctive is used following verbs of emotion.
Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change.
Estar + emotion
Sentir
Sentirse
Alegrarse
Temer
Tener miedo de
Gustar
Interesar
Aburrir
Encantar
PRACTIQUEMOS
They are happy we take the class.
Are you sorry that I am friends with her?
I feel sad that you can’t come with us.
DOUBT
The subjunctive is used following verbs of doubt.
Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change.
Dudar
Negar
No creer
No pensar
Es dudoso
No es cierto/verdad/seguro/obvio/claro
PRACTIQUEMOS
Do you doubt that I will get an A?
They don’t believe that we will have many tests.
It is doubtful that there will be many people there.
It is clear that we have a great class!
UNKNOWN/QUIZAS/TAL VEZ
The subjunctive is used when something is unknown/can not be identified or
named.
Sentence must be a compound sentence, and must have a subject change.
Subjunctive is also used with anything that ‘may’ happen, quizás / tal vez
Perhaps we will go to the store.
Maybe they won’t know the truth.
Do you have many employees that speak german?
There are many people that I know.
We are looking for someone that can write well.
There is nobody here that knows the truth.
LOS PERFECTOS EN EL
SUBJUNTIVO
HABER
PARTICIPIO PASADO