Transcript Morphology and Word Formation

Morphology and Word Formation
Solutions to Test Paper
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Word Formation
ineffectualisation isn’t a word you meet every day.
Argue that it nevertheless is a word, by splitting it up into
morphemes according to type.
Finally, draw a tree diagram for it, using the morphemetype labels as the names of nodes.
Word Formation
in effect ualisation
is(e)
N Stem
Word
Formation
V Stem
A Stem
Neg Prefix
N Affix
V Suffix
A stem
N Stem
A Suffix
N Prefix Bound
Root
in
ef
fect
ual
is(e)
ation
Compounds
Form recognized compounds from the free morphemes below
the table and insert them in the table according to the same
principles as those behind the test samples. Use each
morpheme only once:
Adjective -
- Adjective
- Noun
- Verb
Bitter - -sweet
Poor - -house
High - -born
Noun -
Verb Adjectives
Nouns
Verbs
strong
spoon
walk
all
pocket rain
sleep
pick
head
carry
bow
feed
Compounds
Form recognized compounds from the free morphemes below
the table and insert them in the table according to the same
principles as those behind the test samples. Use each
morpheme only once:
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
bittersweet
poorhouse
highborn
Noun
Verb
Adjectives
Nouns
Verbs
strong
spoon
walk
all
pocket rain
sleep
pick
head
carry
bow
feed
Derivational Morphology
Derivational morphemes convert members of (‘input’) word classes
into members of the same or different (‘output’) word classes. For
example, -ish turns 1) a N into an A: boy + ish  boyish, or 2) an A
into another A (with a different meaning): pink + ish  pinkish.
Judging from the list of words provided below, determine the input
word class and the output word class for the following derivational
affixes. Write the stem + input class label on the line to the left, the
output class label on the line to the right of the arrow (note that the
final vowel may diasappear or change shape, that the final consonant
may double, and that the stem may otherwise change):
a. _______ + -al  ___; b. _______ + -ous ___ ; c. _______ + -ify  ___;
d. _______ +-ful  ___; e. _______ + -ity  ___ ; f. _______ +-en  ___;
g. _______ +-dom  ___; h. _______ +-able  ___; i. a- + _______  ___ ;
j. ex- + _______  ___ ; k. sub- + _______  ___ ; l. re- + _______  ___ ;
virtue, moral, health, wife, aquit, enemy, print, minimal, white, free, read, glory.
t- V
a. ____________
+ -al  ___
N
acquittal
e- N + -ous ___
A
b. ____________
virtuous
N + -ify  ___
V
c. ____________
glorify
N +-ful  ___
A
d. ____________
healthful
N + -ity  ___
N
e. ____________
enmity
A +-en  ___
V
f. ____________
whiten
virtue
moral
print
minimal
health
white
wife
aquit
enemy
free
read
glory
A +-dom  ___
N
g. ____________
freedom
V +-able  ___
A
h. ____________
readable
A  ___
A
i. a- + ____________
amoral
N  ___
N
j. ex- + ____________
exwife
A  ___
A
k. sub- + ____________
subminimal
V  ___
V
l. re- + ____________
reprint
moral
print
minimal
wife
free
read
Derivational Morphology
There are other possibilities:
virtue
+ al 
N
minimal A + ize 
glory
wife
N + ous 
N
re + read V
virtual
A
minimalize
glorious
V
A
+ dom 
wifedom N

reread
V
….
Derivational Morphology
… including some dubious, but potential, ones:
sub +
print N V
sub +
white
A

?subprint

?subwhite
NV
A
The crux of the matter is that derivational morphology is only
partly subject to generalization