Chapter 4 Dialogue 2
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Transcript Chapter 4 Dialogue 2
Lesson 18 Dialogue 2
Grammar
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Zhong, Yan
上(shàng) is a versatile verb.
To board a car or plane
上车/飞机
shàng chē/fēijī
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为了 (wèile) usually appears in the
first clause of a complex sentence
为了学好中文,他每天听两
个小时录音
Wèile xué hǎo Zhōngwén, tā
měitiān tīng liǎng ge xiǎoshí
lùyīn.
In order to learn Chinese
well, he listens to the
recording for two hours
everyday.
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to go to the
bathroom
上厕所
shàng cèsuǒ
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To go to school is 上学 (shàng xué) in
colloquial Mandarin
上小学, shàng
xiǎoxué, attending
elementary school
上中学, shàng
zhōngxué , attending
middle school
上大学 shàng dàxué,
attending college.
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Duration of Actions
When a sentence contains both a time
expression that indicates the duration of
an action and an object, it needs to be
formed in one of these two patterns:
A. Repetition of the verb
B. Time expression placed before the
object, often with 的 (de)
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She listens to recordings for an
hour every day.
A.
她每天听录音听一个
小时。
Tā měitiān tīng lùyīn
tīng yí ge
B.
她每天听一个小时(
的)录音。
Tā měitiān tīng yí ge
xiǎoshí (de) lùyīn.
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She swims for forty minutes
every afternoon.
A.
她每天下午游泳游四
十分钟。
Tā měitiān xiàwǔ
yóu yǒng yóu sìshí
fēnzhōng.
B.
她每天下午游四十分
钟(的)泳。
Tā měitiān xiàwǔ
yóu sìshí fēnzhōng
(de) yǒng.
University of Michigan Flint
She reads English newspapers for two hours every
day, so her English is getting better and better.
A. 她每天看英文报
纸看两个小时,所以
英文越来越好了。
Tā měitiān kàn
Yīngwén bàozhǐ kàn
liǎng ge xiǎoshí,
suǒyǐ Yīngwén yuè
lái yuè hǎo le.
B. 她每天看两个小
时(的)英文报纸,所
以英文越来越好了。
Tā měitiān kàn liǎng
ge xiǎoshí (de)
Yīngwén bàozhǐ,
suǒyǐ Yīngwén yuè
lái yuè hǎo le.
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Soccer vs. Football
Although the term 足
球 (zúqiú) literally
means “football,” it
refers to soccer,
rather than
American football.
To avoid confusion,
Chinese speakers
refer to American
football as 美式足球
(Měishì zúqiú,
American-style
football) or 橄榄球
(gǎnlǎn qiú, lit.,
“olive ball”).
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The Particle 着 (zhe)
着 (zhe) signifi es the continuation of an
action or a state. Its function is
descriptive.
When 着 (zhe) is used between two
verbs, the one that precedes 着 (zhe)
signifi es the accompanying action,
while the second verb signifies the main
action.
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老师站着教课,学生
坐着听课。
Lǎoshī zhàn zhe jiāo
kè, xuésheng zuò
zhe tīng kè.
While the teacher
stood lecturing, the
students sat
listening.
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我喜欢躺着听音乐。
Wǒ xǐhuan tǎng zhe
tīng yīnyuè.
I like to listen to
music while lying
down.
University of Michigan Flint
美式足球可以抱着球
跑。
Měishì zúqiú kěyǐ
bào zhe qiú pǎo.
In American football,
you can run with the
ball in your hands.
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着 (zhe) vs. 在 (zài)
着 (zhe) is normally
used after a verb to
indicate a continuing
action or a state.
在 (zài) is normally
used before a verb
to indicate an
ongoing action.
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被/叫/让 (bèi/jiào/ràng) in
Passive-Voice Sentences
A sentence in the passive voice can be
constructed with 被 (bèi), 叫 (jiào), or 让
(ràng).
Its structure is as follows:
receiver of the action + 被 (bèi)/ 叫
(jiào)/ 让 (ràng) + agent of the action +
verb + other element (complement/了
{le}, etc.)
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我的功课被/叫/让狗
吃了。
Wǒ de gōngkè
bèi/jiào/ràng gǒu chī
le.
My homework was
eaten by my dog.
University of Michigan Flint
你买的那些书被/叫/
让你的女朋友拿去了
。
Nǐ mǎi de nà xiē shū
bèi/jiào/ràng nǐ de
nǚpéngyou ná qù le.
The books that you
bought were taken
away by your
girlfriend.
University of Michigan Flint
糟糕,你的网球拍被
/叫/让我压坏了。
Zāogāo, nǐ de
wǎngqiú pāi
bèi/jiào/ràng wǒ yā
huài le.
Oh gosh, your
tennis racket was
crushed [by me].
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the passive voice in Chinese
In Chinese, the passive voice is not
used as often as it is in English.
It often carries negative connotations
and usually appears in situations that
are unpleasant for the receiver of the
action, or in situations where something
is lost.
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In a passive-voice sentence with 被
(bèi)/叫 (jiào) /让 (ràng), the agent of the
action does not always have to be
specified.
If the agent of the action is someone
that is not identifiable or need not be
identified, it can be referred to simply as
人 (rén, someone; people).
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我的信用卡被/叫/让
人拿走了。
Wǒ de xìnyòngkǎ
bèi/jiào/ràng rén ná
zǒu le.
My credit card was
taken away.
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同学们在教室里又唱
又跳,他快被吵死了
。
Tóngxué men zài
jiàoshì li yòu chàng
yòu tiào, tā kuài bèi
chǎo sǐ le.
His classmates are
singing and dancing
in the classroom.
The noise is driving
him to distraction.
the agent of the
action can be
omitted
University of Michigan Flint
你看,我的梨被/叫/
让你的西瓜压坏了。
Nǐ kàn, wǒ de lí
bèi/jiào/ràng nǐ de
xīgua yā huài le.
Take a look. My
pears were crushed
by your watermelon.
University of Michigan Flint
A:
学生们在做什么呢?
Xuésheng men zài
zuò shénme ne?
What are the
students doing ?
B:
在运动。
Zài yùndòng.
They’re exercising.
University of Michigan Flint
谢谢
再见
University of Michigan Flint
Zhong, Yan