Transcript Click to add title - Urban Water Institute

INTERMISSION
LEGIONELLA, LEAD &
LESSONS LEARNED
Urban
Water
Institute
rd
23 Annual Winter Conference
August 25, 2016
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Mayor
Click toKaren
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title
City of Flint, MI
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Inauguration: Nov 9, 2015
Ran & Elected on Lead Issue
No Previous Office
Flint Demographics
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Population: 99,000 (Max. 200,000)
Median Household Income: $24,679 (Michigan @ $49,087)
Poverty Rate: 41.5% (Michigan @ 16.2%)
Unemployment Rate: 12.5% - 8.5% (July - December 2015)
57% African-American (Michigan @ 14%)
 Financial Emergency 2011-2014
 Management by State Appointed Emergency Managers
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INSTITUTIONAL,
& BUSINESS
Click to add LEGISLATIVE
title
DRIVERS FOR FLINT, MI
Dr. Andrew Highsmith – UC Irvine
4Demolition Means Progress, 2015
Federal Housing Programs
GM Plant Building & Closures
Michigan Tax & Revenue Sharing
Michigan
Emergency
Click to add
title Financial
Management
1. Complete Control
2. One Focus - Financial
An Emergency Manager (EM) is an official appointed by
the Governor to take control of a local government under
a financial emergency. The EM temporarily supplants the
governing body and has authority to remove any of the
unit’s elected officials. EMs have complete control over
the local unit. The EM’s focus is financial performance.
FLINT HAD FIVE EMs OVER 40 MONTHS
(Dec 2011 – April 2015)
Public Act 101 (1988), PA 72 (1990), PA 4 (2011) (repealed by referendum 2012), PA 436 (2012)
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Mayor
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A Day In The Life Of
 Inauguration: Nov 9, 2015
• U.S. Conference of Mayors Team Visit
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3-months later (Feb 2, 2016)
One-hour delay
US EPA Administrator & Team Drop-in
New York Times waiting in lobby
Governor’s Office regarding press conference
• Did not yet have business cards
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Flint
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1883 System Built – Flint River Supply
1911 – Filtration Plant
1947-1955 – Capital Improvements
• Polyphosphate treatment included
1967 – 50-year Water Supply Contract
with Detroit (DWSD) – Lake Huron Supply
- WTP kept as backup
April 25, 2014 – City Reverts to Flint River
& Flint WTP
December 27, 2014 - GM Engine Plant
Switches Supply (Chlorides & Rust)
Flint
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title
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1883 System Built – Flint River Supply
1911 – Filtration Plant
1947-1955 – Capital Improvements
• Polyphosphate treatment included
1967 – 50-year Water Supply Contract
with Detroit (DWSD) – Lake Huron
Supply - WTP kept as backup
April 25, 2014 – City Reverts to Flint
River & Flint WTP
December 27, 2014 - GM Engine Plant
Switches Supply (Chlorides & Rust)
October 16, 2015 City of Flint
Reconnected to DWSD System
Flint
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title
• Water Treatment Plant
• Design Capacity 36.0 MGD
• Average Daily Flow = 14.04 MG
• Distribution System
• Approximately 800 miles – mostly cast
iron
• Most > 70 years old
• 7,258 valves
• Efficiency @ 63% (5-year average)
• Storage
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• Existing = 57 MG (2 x Needed)
“WHAT”
Click to add
Is Simple
title
CHANGE WATER SUPPLY
BACTERIA-E. coli
(LEGIONELLA)
CHLORINATION BOOST
DISINFECTION
BYPRODUCTS (TTHMs)
“RUSTY” WATER & LEAD
“HOW” and “WHY” are Difficult
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Karegondi
Click to addWater
title Authority
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1963 Proposal – Profiteers Scandal
67 mile pipeline with Lake Huron Intake
$285million pipeline cost – 85 MGD project
KWA formed November 26, 2010
Genesee County, Sanillac County, City of Lapeer
Flint’s EM & City Council approve March 25, 201
Michigan Treasury Department approves April 15, 2013
Flint’s share is $7 million/year for 28 years for 16 MGD
($196 million in payments)
• Flint fully guarantees bond payments – locked in to deal
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Legionella
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12 DEATHS
2016
4 cases
(8-16-16)
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Governor Snyder discloses outbreak January 13, 2016
VEOLIA
Quality Report
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Total Trihalomethans (TTHM)
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• Veolia water quality study was a relatively quick
overview resulting in an 11 page final report
• The report recommends a variety of improvements:
• Changes in water treatment processes
• Modifications of procedures and chemical dosing
• Technology adjustments
• Increased maintenance and capital programs
• Increased staff training
• Enhanced customer communications
VEOLIA
Quality Report
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Total Trihalomethans (TTHM)
“..Although the primary focus of this review was based on solving the
TTHM problem, the public has also expressed its frustration over
discolored water……”
“Contact your engineer and initiate discussions with the State on the
addition of a corrosion control chemical..…... A target dosage of 0.5 mg/L
phosphate is suggested for improved corrosion control.”….
“…The review of water quality records during the time of Veolia’s study
shows the water to be in compliance with State and Federal regulations,
and, based on those standards, the water is considered to meet drinking
water requirements.”
-- March 12, 2015
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Flint
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Issues
title
• EM rush to change water supply
• MDEQ advice on Corrosion Control
Treatment Requirement to City &
misrepresentation to EPA
• MDEQ guidance on Sampling
Procedures
• EPA failure to provide oversight
• MDEQ Prolonged reliance on flawed
test results & dismissal of public and
experts’ concerns
• City & MDEQ manipulation of test
results
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Calculating Compliance for Lead & Copper Monitoring- EPA
method
Sample Rank
Lead Value (mg/L)
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0.000
2
0.000
3
0.002
4
0.005
5
0.005
6
0.006
7
0.006
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0.010
9 (90th %)
0.015
10
0.020
• Sort sample results in ascending order from lowest
to highest value.
• Assign sample rank, starting with 1 for the lowest
value.
• Compare 90th percentile value to the action level of
0.015 mg/L for lead, if value is less than or equal to
the action level you are in compliance.
• Do the same for copper, action level 1.3 mg/L.
Calculation of Flint’s 90 Percentile Lead Level *
Monitoring Results (ppb)
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3
5
10
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11
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18
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20
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0
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42
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104
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Step 1. Determine which positions in ranked sample set to
perform 90 percentile calculation - Rounding Method
i=NXP
i = 71 X 0.9
i = 63.9
i = 64
Step 2. Calculate 90 percentile value
Position 64 value = 18ppb
18 ppb - ABOVE EPA Action Level of 15 ppb
*EPA Lead and Copper Monitoring and Reporting Guidance for Public Water
System – 2/2002
Source of data: Eastern Michigan University; Professor Chris Gardiner;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pql00zr700
Calculation of Flint’s 90 Percentile Lead Level*
[Consequences of Deleting 2 Samples]
Monitoring Results (ppb)
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20
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Step 1. Determine which positions in ranked sample set to
perform 90 percentile calculation- Rounding Method
i=NXP
i = 69 X 0.9
i = 62.1
i = 62
Step 2. Calculate 90 percentile value
Position 62 value = 11ppb
11 ppb BELOW EPA Action Level of 15 ppb
*EPA Lead and Copper Monitoring and Reporting Guidance for Public Water
System – 2/2002
Source of data: Eastern Michigan University; Professor Chris Gardiner;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pql00zr700
Virginia
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title Monitoring
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271 samples collected by residents
101 first draw samples are over 5 ppb
90 percentile lead value is 25.2 ppb
Several samples exceeded 100 ppb
Similar (but different) issues
occurred with the data on
lead levels in blood samples
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Flint
ClickWater
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title Task Force
Final Report (March 2016)
• Five Member Team Appointed by Governor Rick Snyder
• Two Physicians (Pediatricians)
• Two former State Legislators with Environmental, Public Health
& Public Policy Backgrounds
• One National Water Expert with Financial & System Experience
The Final Report includes a Timeline of approximately 500 Events
As well as background information, analysis, findings (36) and recommendations (44) for seven
organizations:
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ)
Michigan Governor’s Office
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) State-Appointed EMs
Genesee County Health Department (GCHD)
City of Flint
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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Flint
ClickWater
to addAdvisory
title Task Force
Final Report (March 2016)
• Five Member Team Appointed by Governor Rick Snyder
• Two Physicians (Pediatricians)
• Two former State Legislators with Environmental, Public Health
& Public Policy Backgrounds
• One National Water Expert with Financial & System Experience
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Flint water crisis is a story of government failure,
intransigence, unpreparedness, delay, inaction, and
environmental injustice.
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Michigan
Department
of
Click to add
title
Environmental Quality
Findings 5 – Recommendations 5
• MDEQ bears primary responsibility for Flint water
contamination
• MDEQ misinterpreted LCR and misapplied its requirements
• MDEQ failed to quickly move, with others, to investigate
Legionellosis
• Implement a proactive, comprehensive culture change
• Strengthen SDWA enforcement
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Michigan
Department
of Health &
Click to add
title
Human Services
Findings 6 – Recommendations 9
• Lack of timely analysis and understanding od its own childhood
blood data prolonged the Flint Water Crisis
• Coordination between MDEQ and MDHHS was inadequate
• Communication and coordination among local and state public
health staff and leadership regarding Legionellosis cases in 20142015 was inadequate
• Ensure that MDHHS is transparent and timely in reporting and
analysis of aggregate data
• Take responsibility and leadership in coordinating health agencies
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Genesee
County
Click to add
titleHealth
Department
Findings 3 – Recommendations 3
• The rate of follow-up on children with elevated blood levels
through January 206 was unacceptable
• Communication, coordination and cooperation with other
agencies and the public were inadequate
• Presume that the risk of Legionella may remain elevated in
the Flint water distribution system and take appropriate
actions
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City
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Findings 6 – Recommendations 3
• Flint’s lack of reinvestment in its water distribution system
contributed to the drinking water crisis and ability to respond to
water quality problems
• Flint Public Works personnel were ill-prepared to assume
responsibility of full-time plant operation
• Flint relied on deeply flawed technical assistance and guidance
from MDEQ
• Implement a programmatic approach to Flint WTP and distribution
system operations, maintenance, asset management, CIP &
training.
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U.S.
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Agency
Findings 4 – Recommendations 3
• EPA failed to properly exercise its authority prior to January 2016
• EPA has accepted differing compliance LCR strategies
• EPA was hesitant and slow to insist on proper corrosion control
measures in Flint
• Exercise more vigor in DDRESSING COMPLIANCE VIOLATIONS
• Clarify and strengthen the LCR
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Michigan
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Governor’s
title
Office
Findings 6 – Recommendations 5
• Ultimate accountability rests with the Governor – Culture change
• Official state public and communications have been inappropriate
and unacceptable at times
• The Flint water crisis highlights the risk of over-reliance on a few
staff in 1 or 2 departments for information
• Review budget requests for MDEQ to insure adequate funding is
provided to drinking water. EPA audits indicate that Michigan’s
program has one of the lowest levels of financial support in EPA
Region V
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State-Appointed
Click to add titleEmergency
Managers
Findings 5 – Recommendations 3
• The role of the EMs in Flint places primary accountability with
state government
• Ems, not local elected officials, made the decision to switch
Flint’s water source
• Treasury officials, through the terms of financial assistance
agreements, precluded return to Detroit WSD water
• Ensure proper support and expertise for Ems
• Change Michigan’s EM law and implementation to compensate
for the loss of checks and balances
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Resignations,
Charges & Lawsuits
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Resignations
• MDEQ Director Dan Wyant (12.29.15)
• MDEQ Spokesperson Brad Wurfel (12.29.15)
• EPA Regional Administrator Susan Hedman (1.21.16)
Civil Lawsuits
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VEOLIA Environment SA (6.22.16) – professional negligence & fraud
Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam (LAN) (6.22.16) – fraud
McLaren Flint Hospital (2.2.16)
50+ Others
Resignations,
Charges & Lawsuits
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Charges
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MDEQ Supervisor Stephen Busch (3 felonies & 2 misdemeanors)
MDEQ Water Engineer Michael Prysby (4 felonies & 2 misdemeanors)
City of Flint Water Quality Supervisor Michael Glasgow (1 felony & 1 misdemeanor)
MDEQ Chief of the Office of Drinking Water Liane Shekter-Smith (1 felony & 1
misdemeanor)
MDEQ Water Quality Analyst Adam Rosenthal (2 felonies & 2 misdemeanors)
MDEQ LCR Compliance Specialist Patrick Cook (2 felonies & 1 misdemeanor)
MDHHS Director Nancy Peeler (2 felonies & 1 misdemeanor)
MDHHS Data Manager Lead Prevention Program Robert Scott (2 felonies & 1
misdemeanor)
MDHHS State Epidemiologist Corinne Miller (2 felonies & 1 misdemeanor)
Felony: 5 years and/or $10,000
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Misdemeanor: 1 year and/or $1,000
Broader
Click to add
Unresolved
title
Issues
• Water Quality Impacts of Reduced
Demand
• Funding of Both Water Utilities and
Regulatory Agencies
• Clarity of Regulation and Adequacy
of Oversight
• LCR movement onto Private
Property
• Legal Restrictions to Actions
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