Transcript Uds - language

ESPAÑOL II
Srta. Forgue
El 10 de enero de 2011
Ahora mismo

Juega HANGMAN con el vocabulario de
Lección 3 en la pizarra (págs. 92-94).
Inspección de 5 puntos y tarea de anoche
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
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
A tiempo
Ropa
Cuaderno
Libro
Bolígrafo
La tarea de anoche fue:
ej. 6, pág. 103
Repaso de la tarea

Lee un ejemplo de las definiciones (de la tarea).
Los compañeros de clase van a estimar las
respuestas.
La tarea de anoche fue:
ej. 6, pág. 103
Objetivos de hoy

Estudiar los mandatos formales en las págs.
104-105 del libro
 Aprender
como dar mandatos a personas con quienes
tienes relaciones formales (Ud./Uds.)

Completar INTÉNTALO en la pág. 105
MANDATOS FORMALES
Formal commands (104-105)
What are formal commands?
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As you learned in Lección 2, the command forms are
used to give orders or advice. What are some
examples of commands in English?
You have already learned informal commands, which
are used with people you are familiar with or
address as tú.
Formal commands are used with people you address
as usted or ustedes.
Who do you call Usted?
Usted or Ustedes is a formal way to address people. It is used
to show respect or maintain a certain distance with a person.
We use Ud. (or the plural Uds.) with:
 someone you don't know well
 an older person
 an authority figure (a boss, a teacher, a policeman)
 someone who you know but are not close to (a neighbor)
 Someone you usually address by a title (Dr. Rodríguez, Sra.
López, Sir Elton John…)
 anyone to whom you wish to show respect
¿Tú, Ud., o Uds.?
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Mr. and Mrs. Rigney
Your best friend
A sales associate at a store
Your sister or brother
A classmate
A dentist
An elderly couple on the subway
Someone you have just met
How do you form a formal command?
1. The usted and ustedes commands, like the negative
tú commands, are formed first by dropping the final
-o of the yo form of the present tense.
hablar  hablo  habl
beber  bebo  beb
vivir  vivo  viv
How do you form a formal command?
The next step is to add the right ending.
 For -ar verbs, add -e for Ud. or –en for Uds.
hablar  hablo  habl 
hable Ud. / hablen Uds.

For -er and -ir verbs, add -a for Ud. or –an for Uds.
beber  bebo  beb 
beba Ud.
/ beban Uds.
vivir  vivo  viv 
viva Ud. / vivan Uds.
Tips for forming the formal command
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You always start with the “yo” form of the present
tense verb. If you do not remember it, use the verb
charts in the back of your textbook or your notes
from previous chapters.
Some “yo” forms are irregular or have weird
spelling changes. These changes remain!
Ex: decir  digo  dig  diga Ud. / digan Uds.
Tips for forming the formal command
After you have identified the present tense yo form and
taken off the final “O,” you might find it hard to
remember which endings to choose from.
Think of AR verbs being its own team, and ER/IR verbs on another. Consider the
two teams opposites. When you make a formal command, you are adding an
“opposite” ending from the original infinitive.
AR
AR
normally have endings
with “a” in them
ER
IR
normally have endings
with “e” in them
Tips for forming the formal command
Example:
cantar  canto  cant  cante or canten
In this example, he infinitive has -ar as an ending, so you
choose the “OPPOSITE” type of ending (-e or
-en) to complete the command.
If you were to use “canta” and not “cante” it would be
wrong. “Canta” can mean “she or he sings” in the
present indicative tense or “you (formal) sing.” It is also
the tú command, but not the Ud. command.
Making the command negative

An affirmative command is given when you do want
the person to complete the given action.
 Example:

Wash the dishes / Lave los platos.
A negative command is given when you do not want
the person to complete the given action.
 Example:
Do not wash the plates. / No lave los platos.
To make a formal command negative, simply
place no before the verb.
Resumen
The usted and ustedes commands, like the negative tú
commands, are formed by dropping the final -o of
the yo form of the present tense. For -ar verbs, add -e
or -en. For -er and -ir verbs, add -a or -an.
Resumen
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Formal commands are used with people you address
as usted or ustedes.
Usted or Ustedes is a formal way to address people. It
is used to show respect or maintain a certain distance
with a person.
An affirmative command is given when you do want
the person to complete the given action.
A negative command is given when you do not want
the person to complete the given action.
Let’s try some examples!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
hablar (Ud.) __________________
tomar (Uds.) __________________
No beber (Ud.) _________________
No cantar (Uds.) ________________
escribir (Uds.) __________________
No aprender (Ud.) _______________
bailar (Uds.) ___________________
No sacudir (Ud.) ________________
*hacer (Ud.) ___________________
*No tener (Uds.) ________________
MANDATOS FORMALES:
PART 2
Formal commands (104-105)
Repaso


We learned how to form a basic formal command
with regular verbs.
The usted and ustedes commands are formed first
by dropping the final -o of the yo form of the
present tense.
hablar  hablo  habl
beber  bebo  beb
vivir  vivo  viv
Repaso
The next step is to add the right ending.
 For -ar verbs, add -e for Ud. or –en for Uds.
hablar  hablo  habl 
hable Ud. / hablen Uds.

For -er and -ir verbs, add -a for Ud. or –an for Uds.
beber  bebo  beb 
beba Ud.
/ beban Uds.
vivir  vivo  viv
viva Ud. / vivan Uds.
What to do with irregular YO forms
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Verbs with irregular yo forms maintain the same
irregularity in their formal commands. These verbs
include
•salir
salgo
conducir
conduzco
•tener
tengo
conocer
conduzco •traducir
traduzco
decir
digo
•traer
traigo
hacer
hago
•venir
vengo
ofrecer
ofrezco
•ver
veo
oír
oigo
poner
pongo
What to do with irregular YO forms

After getting the correct yo form and dropping the
“o,” you still proceed as usual, adding –e or –en for
AR verbs and –a or –an for ER and IR verbs.
What to do with stem-changing verbs
Note also that verbs maintain their stem changes in
usted and ustedes commands.

Examples:
 pensar
(e:ie)  pienso  piens  piense Ud./piensen
Uds.
 volver (o:ue)  vuelvo  vuelv  vuelva Ud./vuelvan
Uds.
 pedir (e:i)  pido  pid  pida Ud. / pidan Uds.
More spelling changes
Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling
change in the command forms to preserve the hard
consonant sound.
What to do with stem-changing verbs
Common stem-changing verbs include:
o:ue
e:ie
volver
vuelvo
comenzar comienzo poder
puedo
encuentro
empezar empiezo encontrar
mostrar
muestro
entender entiendo dormir
duermo
pensar
pienso
e:i
servir
sirvo
perder
pierdo
repetir
repito
preferir
prefiero
pedir
pido
Let’s try some examples!
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1. hacer la cama (Ud.) _____________________
Make the bed.
2. tener cuidado (Uds.) _____________________
Be careful.
3. no perder la llave (Ud.) ____________________
Don’t lose the key.
4. volver a la casa (Uds.) _____________________
Return to the house.
5. pensar en su futuro (Ud.) __________________
Think of your future.
MANDATOS FORMALES
PART 3
Formal commands (104-105)
Repaso

What is a formal command?


A command given to someone you would normally address as Ud.
or Uds. Examples: “Hable Ud.” “Coman Uds.”
How do you form the command?

You take the present tense “yo” form of the verb, drop the “o”
and add –e and –en for AR verbs and –a and –an for ER/IR
verbs. You do this with stem-changing and irregular verbs as
well.
hablar  hablo  habl  hable Ud. / hablen Uds
vivir vivo  viv  viva Ud. / vivan Uds
pensar  pienso piens piense Ud. / piensen Uds
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How do you make the command negative?
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Simply add “no” in front of the verb.
Review Exercises
1.
(Ud. - llevar) _______________ los libros a la biblioteca.
2.
(Uds. - dormir) no ____________ en la clase.
3.
(Uds. – tener) _______________ cuidado con los vasos.
4.
(Ud. - volver) _______________ temprano.
5.
(Ud. - comer) _______________ la ensalada.
6.
(Uds. - pedir) no _______________ preguntas ahora, por favor.
7.
(Ud. - hacer) _______________ la tarea para mañana.
8.
(Uds. - salir) no _______________ del hotel.
9.
(Ud. – bailar) ____________ el flamenco conmigo.
Irregular Commands
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These verbs have irregular formal commands.
All you really need to remember is 5 Ud. commands –
simply add an “n” to get the Uds. command.
Los pronombres objetivos
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
What is an object pronoun?
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS directly receive the action of the verb.
me (me)
te (you-familiar)
lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)
nos (us)
os (you-all-familiar)
los, las (them, you-all-formal)

INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS identify to whom or for whom an action is
done. These are PERSONAL pronouns and never refer to inanimate objects.
me (to/for me)
te (to/for you-familiar)
le (to/for him, her, you-formal)
nos (to/him us)
os (to/for you-all-familiar)
les (to/for them, you-all-formal)
Los pronombres objetivos
Look at this example:
1. “Mary gives the present to John.”
• What is the verb? To give.
• What is being given? The present. “THE PRESENT” is a
direct object.
• To whom is the present intended? To John. “TO JOHN” is
the indirect object.
2. Now look at this sentence:
“Mary gives it to him”
Notice we replaced “the present” with the DOP “it” and “to
John” with the IOP “to him.” You will need to understand this
concept as much as possible before using pronouns with
commands.
Los pronombres reflexivos
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Reflexive pronouns are used whenever the subject of a
verb is also its object. In other words, reflexive pronouns are
used when the subject of a sentence is acting on itself.
Example: I wash myself (Me lavo). The person doing the
action is also receiving the action.
Reflexive pronouns:
me — myself
te — yourself
se — yourself (formal), himself, herself, itself, oneself
nos — ourselves
os — yourselves
se — yourselves (formal), themselves
Mandatos con los pronombres
In affirmative commands, reflexive, indirect and direct
object pronouns are always attached to the end of
the verb.
Ejemplo:
lavarlos (Uds.)  lávenlos
tenerla (Ud.)  téngala
Mandatos com los pronombres
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¡Atención! When a pronoun is attached to an affirmative
command that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is
added to maintain the original stress. Usually if there is
only one pronoun attached, the trick is to place the stress on
the 3rd syllable from the end of the word.
Example: EN-VI-E-LO. (Send it)
Where do you place the accent? Envíelo.
If it were EN-VI-E-ME-LO (Send me it), it would still be in the
same place: Envíemelo.
Mandatos con los pronombres
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In negative commands, these pronouns always precede
the verb.
If there is one, the IOP always comes first, and then the
DOP if there is one.
Remember that “people always come first”
No decirselo (not to tell him it)  No se (to him) lo diga/n.
No traermelo (not to bring it to me) No me (to me) lo
traiga/n.
Tip: Place extra emphasis on the negative command by
spacing out all of the words –perhaps you are being extra
clear because you REALLY don’t want them to do something.
INTÉNTALO
Indica los mandatos (commands) afirmativos y
negativos correspondientes.
1. escucharlo (Ud.)
Escúchelo
_____________.
No lo escuche
_____________.
2. decírmelo (Uds.)
_____________.
_____________.
3. salir (Ud.)
_____________.
_____________.
4. servírnoslo (Uds.)
_____________.
_____________.
5. barrerla (Ud.)
_____________.
_____________.
6. hacerlo (Ud.)
_____________.
_____________.
3.2-38
Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher
Learning. All rights reserved.
Tarea
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Pág. 106, ej. 1
INTENTALO, pág. 105 (period B)