Transcript grammar 5-6-7

Chapter 5
Nouns and Pronouns [5.1]
Countable and Uncountable nouns
Count
3 books
5 pens
3 tables
2 persons
Non-count
Sugar [mass]
Gold
Water
Love [abstract]
Happiness
Work
[See page 69]
Say
a book is-Sugar is-books are-Don’t say
A sugar is--Sugars are---
Nouns and Pronouns
Countable and uncountable nouns [5.1]
• 1.Mass
• 2.Abstract
• 3.Nouns
•
partitive
Countable nouns
How many mobiles are
there?
There are 16 mobiles.
How many pens are
there?
There are 20 pens.
How many books are
there?
There are 13 books.
There are few books
I want more books.
Uncountable nouns
Cheese is[ love is
Butter is [beauty is
Salt is[ happiness is
Money is [advice
Water is[ furniture is
Weather is –
information i s- music
is
How much water is
there?
There is little water.
I want more water
Nouns with
some- the- a- an
[ 5.2-5.3]
I want some sugar. I want some books •
He has some coffee . I have some cups. •
I have some coffee. The coffee is black. •
I have two cups. The cups are small. •
I want to buy an umbrella. [ an ] •
I want to buy a bag. [ a] •
Nouns and Pronouns
A- An – the [5.3]
I want to buy ------an-------------apple.
ٍShe wants to buy the apples.
I want to buy apples.
I want to buy some apples.
I want to buy more apples.
I want to buy five apples.
I want to buy few apples.
I don’t have any apples.
Do you have any apples. I have some apples.
Generalization- [5.4]
[ general information] •
Gold is expensive. •
Bread is cheap. •
[ specific information] •
The gold in that shop is cheap. •
The bread in that shop is expensive. •
Generalization [5.4]
• Generalization
• Gold is expensive
• Roses are red.
• Specification
• The gold here is expensive.
• The roses in my garden are red.
Some and any [5.5]
Any •
*we use “any” in Negative statement and •
questions._______ •
*we use “ any” for both count and non- •
counts nouns._____ •
Examples: •
1. Are there any flowers? •
There aren’t any flowers. •
2. Do you have any information. •
I don’t have any information. •
Some and Any[5.5]
• Some:
• *We use “some” with affirmative statements;
meaning with sentences that are not questions and
not negative.
• 1.Countable PLURAL nouns: I want some eggs.
• 2. Uncountable nouns:
I want some sugar.
•
* We use “some” to show a quantity when we don’t
know exactly how much or how many.
• I have some time to go on holiday.
Some and Any [ 5.5]
Non-count nouns
Some
I have some sugar
Count Nouns
Some
I have some eggs.
Any
Any
Are there any flowers ?
No, there aren’t any
flowers.
IS there any information
? Do you have any
information?
I don’t have any
Measurement words [ 5.6]
Uncountable nouns can be measured by •
measure words. Study the list [ p. 75]
______________________________________ •
a bar of soap - a can of tomatoes- a box of •
chocolates- a bunch of bananas- a tube of
toothpaste- a glass of water- a carton of milk- a
sheet of paper- a bottle of juice- a piece of fruita slice of cake- a cup of tea- a head of lettuce- a
packet of biscuits- a roll of toilet paper- a jar of
jam- a loaf of bread- a bowl of soap
Measurements words[5.6]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A cup of coffee – a loaf of bread
A bunch of bananas - a pack of biscuit
A bar of soap- a bottle of water- juice
A box of chocolate- a tube of toothpaste
A sheet of paper- a bowl of soup
A glass of water
A jar of jam
A roll of toilet paper
A slice of cake / cheese
A head of lettuce
A carton of milk – a can of tomatoes- a
Quantifying expressions[5.7]
Countable - affirmative
Many- a lot of –some- a few – few
Countable - negative
Many- a lot of- any- no
There• are many eggs.
There aren’t many eggs.
There are a lot of apples.
There aren’t a lot of apples.
There are some tomatoes.
There aren’t any tomatoes.
There are a few onions.
There aren’t any onions.
There are few potatoes.
There are no potatoes.
Uncountable:
a lot of-some- a little- little
Uncountable- negative
Much- any- no
There is a lot of water.
There isn’t much water.
There is some milk.
There is a little cheese.
There isn’t any milk.
There isn’t any / no cheese.
Grammar
a few- few [5.7]
•
•
•
•
•
•
a few: There are a few pens. [enough]
Few : There are few pens. [not enough]
There are a few sandwiches in the box.
Meaning: I don’t need more.
There are few sandwiches.
Meaning: They are not enough . You need
more.
Chapter 5 [5.8]
How much / How many
Non – Count Nouns
How much money is there?
How much sugar do you have ?
How much water is left?
Count nouns
How many books are there?
How many sandwiches are left?
How many tables does she have?
Quantifying questions[5.8]
• How many slices of bread do you eat?
• How much butter and cheese you put on the bread?
• I put a lot of cheese
• How much cereal does she eat? She eats a big bowl
of cereal.
• How many doughnuts does she eat? She eats 4 –
• How much coffee does she drink? He drinks some
coffee.
Whose – the genitive
Possessive noun- [5.9]
1. Whose book is that?
It is Rania’s-- book.
2. Whose pens are these? They are Noha-’s-- pens.
It is Rania’s .Noha’s
3. Whose pictures are these? They are the children’s
They are the boys’ –pictures
4. Whose cat is that? It is Hams’s-- cat.
5. Whose dog is that? It is Charles’s--dog.
Charles’ dog.
Possessive nouns[ 5.9]
• 2.Parents’ house
4. girl’s name
• 3. husband’s car
5. boy’s name
• 6/ Kate’s hair
7. mother’s favorite
8. father’s favorite
9. children’s favorite
10. grandparents’ house
Page 80 – exercise- 23
2. school’s name - 3 parents’ name- 4 best friend’s
name 5- mother’s name- 6- doctor’s name.
3. My doctor’s name is John.
4. My mother’s name is Maha.
on
Chapter 6 •
Grammar •
The Simple Past Tense •
Chapter 6
Simple past [6.1]
• Regular Verbs
• I
invited my friend yesterday
• You
invited my friend last week
• he -she -it worked yesterday
• We
invited our friends last month
• They
invited my friend three days ago
played- watched- talked- worked- cookedhelped- opened- fixed- closed- asked- waited
- called
Past time expressions
Past time expressions: •
Yesterday •
Last week •
Last month •
Two days ago •
Last year •
Spelling of
Regular past verbs
[6.3]
Study page 84
– ed
-d
Rain- rained
Arrive- arrived
ending verbs
Most regular verbs
Verbs ending - e
Added
added
Consonant
Vowel
Change y
Add
+y
+y
ending in w, x
Vowel + consonant
to ied
ed
add
ed
Double consonant
And add
ed
Try – tried
Play- played
Showed – fixed
Stop- stopped
Prefer- preferred
Chapter 5
•
•
•
•
•
•
I worked with my friend yesterday
You talked to my friend last week
He -she -it met my friend last year
We saw our friends last month
They bought a car three days ago
Yes – No questions
•
•
•
•
•
Did you work with my friend yesterday? Yes, I did. Yes I worked.
Did you talk to my friend last week? Yes, I did. Yes I talked.
Did he meet my friend last year? No, I didn’t. Yes, he met.
Did you see our friends last month? No, I didn’t. Yes, I saw.
Did they buy a car three days ago? Yes. they did. They bought.
Pronunciation of –ed
/t/ , /d/, /id/ [6.4]
Verb ending
Pronunciation Examples
Verbs end in the
voiceless consonants
P-k-f-s-sh-ch
/t/
Helped
Washed
cooked
Verbs end in the voiced
consonants
P- g- v- t-z-th-j-m-n-ng-l-r
Or in a vowel sound-
/d/
Lived
Rained
played
The verbs ends in
/d/- or /t/
/id/
Waited
needed
The Simple Past
Irregular verbs [6.5]
Irregular verbs- study the list page-89
I saw
He gave
She came
We made
They bought
__________
Went
Ate
Cut
Drew
Flew
Began
brought
•
•
•
•
•
I saw my friend.
You gave me a pen.
He , she , it ate-We flew to Japan.
They went to Jeddah.
• *Time expression
• last year – a week ago- last
month- yesterday
Past tense – Negative[6.6]
I
didn’t
work yesterday.
You didn’t
sleep last night.
He
didn’t
do your homework.
We didn’t
see her friend .
They didn’t
talk with me .
_____________________________
Did you go to school? No , I didn’t go.
Did she eat her food? No, she didn’t eat.
The Simple past : Yes-No questions[6.7]
Questions that answer ÿes. •
Did I eat?
Yes , I did . Or
Yes I ate. •
Did you go?
Yes, I did. Or
Yes I went. •
Did She work? Yes, she did.Or
Yes she worked. •
Did we play?
Yes, we did. Or
Yes we played. •
Did they sit?
Yes, they did. Or Yes they sat. •
_______________________________________ •
Questions that answer with No.
Did Salma study? No, she didn’t . Or
Did they do it?
No, they didn’t. Or
No she didn’t study .
No they didn’t do it.
Past tense
Wh questions [6.8]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I invited my friends yesterday.
Who did you invite yesterday?
You invited my friend last week.
When did you invite my friend?
He /She invited my friend to the restaurant.
Where did he invite my friend?
They bought a new car.
What did they buy.
Simple past –
Wh- Questions[ 6.8]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I invited my friends yesterday.
Who did you invite yesterday?
You invited my friend last week.
When did you invite my friend?
He /She invited my friend to the restaurant.
Where did he invite my friend?
They bought a new car.
What did they buy.
Past tense
Wh – questions[6.8]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I invited my friends yesterday.
Who did you invite yesterday?
You invited my friend last week.
When did you invite my friend?
He /She invited my friend to the restaurant.
Where did he invite my friend?
They bought a new car.
What did they buy.
Past tense – wh questions[6.8]
• 1. We use the verb ‘to do’to make whquestions in the past ‘did’.
•
1. I invited my friends yesterday.
•
Who did you invite yesterday?
•
2.You invited my friend last week.
•
When did you invite my friend?
• 2. When ‘who / what’are the subject , we don’t need
the auxiliary verb to make a question.
• 1.Who came yesterday? The subject is ‘who’.
• 2.What happened?
The subject is ‘what’.
Chapter 7
Past Continuous
7.1 The Past Continuous •
What one was doing or not doing something in •
the past.
Example: What were you doing yesterday ? •
I was studying. •
What were the boys doing? •
They were eating. •
Affirmative statements 7.1
Time: yesterday- last week- two days ago •
________________________________________ •
I
was working
Was I working? •
You
were working
Were you working? •
He –she-it was working
Was he working? •
We
were working
Were we working? •
They
were working
were they working? •
•
Negative
I
wasn’t working
•
You
weren’t working
•
He –she-it wasn’t working
•
We
weren’t working
•
They
weren’t working •
Short answers: •
Yes I was .
No I wasn’t •
Yes you were.
No you weren’t •
Yes he was .
No he wasn’t.
•
Wh-questions
Was I working? What was I doing? •
were you working? What were you working? •
Was he writing?
Where was he writing? •
Were we sitting? When were we sitting? •
were they reading? What were they working? •
While-when with the
Past time clause
A time clause is not a complete sentence. •
When Tony called, •
We must use with a complete sentence to form a •
complete sentence.
When Tony called, I was working. •
Or { without a comma} •
I was working when Tony called. •
[ time clause can come at the end but we don’t put •
comma here].
While and when with the past tense/7.3
We use the past continuous : •
1.for an action that already happening at a •
particular time in the past.
They were studying at 6 oçlock. •
2. when another action interrupted it. •
While I was studying, my mother came. •
When I opened the door, I saw my sister. •