Transcript The operating system

Автор: Палий Н.С.
2011
Тема урока:
The operating system (OS)
Задачи:
1. Познакомить с понятием и функцией операционной системы.
2. Познакомить и активизировать лексику по теме.
3. Научить правильно определять и использовать исчисляемые и
неисчисляемые существительные.
4. Формировать навыки и умения чтения технических текстов с
пониманием и выделением необходимой информации.
1. system software – системное программное обеспечение
2. operating system – операционное программное обеспечение
3. application software – прикладное программное обеспечение
4. multitasking – многозадачный режим
5. user interface – интерфейс пользователя
6.GUI (graphical user interface) – графический интерфейс пользователя
7. WIMP (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointer) environment – WIMP среда
8. user-friendly – удобный, простой в использовании
9. desktop – рабочий стол
10. window icon – значок, иконка окна
11. folder – папка
12. menu bar – строка меню
13. drop-down menu – раскрывающее/выпадающее меню
14. scroll bar – полоса прокрутки
15. toolbar – панель управления
16. accessible – доступный
17. contribution – вклад
18. stand for – означать
19. acronym - сокращение
20. dock – прикрепление
21. to interface - взаимодействовать
1. How many operating systems can you think of?
Make a list.
Microsoft Windows, Mac OS from
Apple, Linux, Unix, Windows
Mobile (Pocket PC), Palm OS
2. What is the function of the operating system?
The function of the opening system is to control the hardware and
software resources. The OS consists of a set of programs that interface
between the user, application programs and the computer.
Technical help: The function of the operating system
Peripherals( printer, mouse, etc.
Computer( CPU, memory)
Operating system
Application software
(graphics, email, etc.)
User
The set of program instructions that tell the computer what
to do is known as
(1) a ______ . It can be classified into two basic categories:
* the (2) ________, which includes all the programs that control the
basic
functions of a computer (operating systems, programming
software, device drivers and utilities) .
* the (3) ________, which comprises programs that let you do specific
tasks.
Typical applications include word processing, databases, educational
programs, email and video games.
* The (4) ________ is a set of programs that control the hardware and
software resources of a computer system. Typical functions include
handling input/output operations, running programs and organizing
files on disks.
application software, operating system, software , system software
In pairs, discuss these questions.
1.What does user-friendly mean?
Microsoft Windows, Mac OS from Apple, Linux,
Unix, Windows Mobile (Pocket PC), Palm OS.
2. Do you think most operating systems are user-friendly?
Give the reasons for your answers.
The function of the operating system is to control the hardware
and software resources. The OS consists of a set of programs that
interface between the user, application programs and the
computer.
user – friendly slow accessible
text-based
complex graphics- bases
user – friendly
accessible
intuitive graphics- bases
intuitive
Read the again and answer these questions.
1.What kind of OS was used in the early 8Os : text-based or
graphics- based.
2.What is the contribution of Macintosh computer to the
development of graphic environments?
3.What does the acronym WIMP stand tor?
4. How do you run a program on a computer with a graphical
interface?
5. What is multitasking?
6. Which multi-user OS is used on large, powerful computers?
7. What is the benefit of using open-source software, for
example Linux?
8. Which Microsoft Platform is used for pocket PCs, mobiles
and portable media centres?
Check yourself
1. text-based
2. The Macintosh was the first computer that used a mouse and
a graphical user interface.
3. windows, icons, menus and pointer.
4. By double-clicking the program icon or a document icon.
5. Running several programs and doing various tasks at the
same time.
6. Unix
7. Open-source software like Unix is freely distributed – you
can copy, change and redistribute its code.
8. Windows Mobile
• desktop: the background screen that
displays icons and folders
• window: a scrollable viewing area on
screen; it can contain files or folders
• icon: a picture representing an
object; for example, a document,
program, folder or hard drive icon
• folder: a directory that holds data,
programs and other folders
• menu bar: a row of words that open up
menus when selected
• drop-down (pull-down) menu: a list of
options that appears below a menu item
when selected
• scroll bar: a horizontal or vertical bar that
clicked or dragged in the desired direction
• dock: set of icons at the bottom of the
screen that gave you access to the things
you use most
a menu bar
b drop-down (pull-down) menu
c program icon
d folder icon
e document icon
f window
g hard drive icon
h scroll bar
i desktop
j dock
Listen to the podcast interview with a program developer,
and answer these questions.
1.
Why is Windows so popular?
Give two reasons.
It’s easy to use, it’s based on graphic
images, and it's compatible with
thousands of programs.
2.
Which Window Vista edition
is aimed at high-end PC
users, games and
multimedia professionals?
Ultimate edition
Windows Vista
editions
Other features
Internet and
security
Home Basic is
(1)____________
designed for users
with basic needs,
such email and
internet access.
The user interface
has been redesigned
with new icons and
a new
visual style
(4)______________.
Internet Explorer is
more reliable and
secure.
Home Premium is
for advanced home
computing and
(2)______________.
entertainment
In offers support for
the latest
technologies, from
DVD creation to
Speech
(5)______________.
recognition
The Business
edition is ideal for
(3)______________.
Business
organizations
The Ultimate
edition is the most
complete.
Windows
programs
The most popular is
still
Microsoft Office
(8)_____________.
a suite that includes
The Security Centre the
word processor
includes an
(9)_____________.
anti-spyware
(6)_______________
Word; an email
Program called
program; the Excel
Windows Defender, spreadsheet
and a firewall that
program; and the
Presentation
protects your
(10)_____________
computer from
program, graphics
Internet
(7)______________.
PowerPoint.
attacks
Countable nouns
o Countable nouns are people or things that we can
count. They have a singular and a plural form
(e.g. file, program, system, application).
o Some words are countable in many languages but
Uncountable in English, and are used with a singular
verb( e.g. advice, damage, equipment, furniture,
research, news, progress, homework).
The advice he gave me was very useful.
o Countable nouns must have a determiner (a, the, my,
this, etc.) in the singular? Although this not necessary in
the plural.
I deleted the file yesterday.
I lost more than ЗОО files when my computer crashed.
We use a before a consonant sound and an before a
vowel. The definite article the means you know which
one\ones I mean.
file,
program,
system,
application
Исчисляемые
Uncountable nouns
oUncountable nouns are things that we can`t
count. They have no plural form (e.g.
software,
music, robotics, multimedia, networking,
storage ).
A lot of software these days is open-source.
Not: A lot of software these days are is
open-source.
software,
music,
robotics,
multimedia,
networking,
storage
Неисчисляемые
advice,
damage,
equipment,
furniture,
research,
news,
progress,
homework
Неисчисляемые
только в английском
языке .
Употребляются с
глаголами в ед. числе
Uncountable nouns
oWe don`t use a/an with uncountable nouns.
Not: a robotics
o We don`t use the in generalizations with uncountable nouns
or plural countable nouns.
I like music.
Not: I like the music.
Computer programs are expensive.
Not: The computer programs are expensive.
o Countable and uncountable nouns take different
determiners.
Many, few, a few only go with countable nouns.
There are many versions of Windows Vista.
Much, little, a little , a great deal of only go with
uncountable nouns .
I have a little time free this afternoon if you want to meet.
Look at the HELP box decide if these nouns from the fact
file in ЗB are countable, uncountable or either,
depending on the context.
Write C,U or C and U.
user
computing
edition
interface
spyware
email
icon
entertainment
security
technology
Check yourself
Uncountable nouns
Countable nouns
User c
Email c and u (c: a message; u the system for sending messages
over the Net)
Computing u
Edition c
Interface c
Spyware u
Technology c and u (c: a type of technology – Wi-Fi a new technology;
u: technology in general – Technology is advancing quickly)
Security c and u (c: in financial usage; u: meaning safety)
Icon c
Entertainment u
an operating system and it was initially created as (2)_____
a
Linux is (1) _____
hobby by a young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in
Finkland. Version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel* was released in 1994. (3) _____
The
Kernel, at the heart of all Linux systems, is developed and released under GNU
General Public License, and its source code is freely available to everyone.
Apart from the fact that it`s freely distributed, (4) _____
Linux`s functionality,
adaptability and robustness has made it the main alternative for proprietary
Unix and Microsoft operating systems. IBM, Hewlett-Packard and other giants
of the computing world have embraced Linux and support its ongoing
a decade after its initial release, Linux is being
development. More than (5) _____
a
adopted worldwide, primarily as (6) _____
server platform. Its use as a home
and office desktop operating system is also be incorporated directly into
- embedding, and it is
(7)_____
microchips in a process called (8) _____
increasingly being used this way in appliances and devices.
*The Kernel provides a way for software and other parts of the OS to communicate with
hardware.
Summarize the text in 90-100 words.
Follow these steps:
1. Read the text again.
2. Underline the relevant information in each paragraph.
3. Make notes about the main points. Leave out details such as examples.
4. Make sentences from the notes and link the sentences with connectors
( and, but, because, therefore, etc.)
5. Write your first draft.
6. Improve your first draft by reducing sentences. For example:
• Cut out unnecessary phrases
• Macs were designed with one clear aim: to facilitate interaction with the
computer
•
Omit qualifying words (adjectives or modifying adverbs) very complex.
7. Write the final version of your summary. Don’t forget to check the spelling and
grammar
In the past, only experts used computers.
Then, in mid 1980 s, Macs and PCs were designed with a graphic
user interface to facilitate interaction with the computer.
Today, all kinds of people use computers, so there is an
emphasis on accessibility and user-friendly systems.
A GUI uses a WIMP environment (windows, icons, menus and
pointer).
The most popular operating systems are Windows, Mac OS,
Unix, Linux, and Windows Mobile for handheld devices.