Transcript 2nd Declension

Quiz
1. In charts, decline the nouns “poeta” and
“vir” in all cases, sing. and plural.
2. Conjugate the verbs “habere” and “amare” in
the present tense (the endings we’ve learned
so far).
3. True or False—Verbs have genders.
4. True or false—Nouns are conjugated.
Spot the Problems
• Change the subject of each sentence to match
the verb in number. Then, translate.
– Example: Pueri lupam amat.
• The verb is singular, so the subject must also be
singular—puer lupam amat.
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•
•
•
•
Puellae olivas habet.
Vir aquam exspectant.
Poeta patriam curare debent.
Nauta terras Romae vident.
Agricolae agrum parat.
For the following sentences, give the
case and number of the noun, the
person and number of the verb, and
translate.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Habeo aquam, non aquam habes.
Pueri fabulas narrant, et terram curant.
Filius nautam tenet.
Athletae vocare amicos parant.
Filiae fabulam timent.
Casam videre debes.
Rivus aquam tenet.
Genitive in Sentences
• The genitive can modify (be attached to)
nouns in any other case, but it mostly goes
with the nominative and accusative.
• Usually, the genitive follows the noun it
modifies.
• It works the same way in English:
– I see the house of the man.
– The cat of the man bit me.
Practice
• Identify the genitive, and whether it’s S. or Pl.
Circle the noun it is modifying. Then, translate.
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–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Poeta fabulas Minervae narrat.
Pueri aquam puellarum tenent.
Filia nautae amicum vocat.
Forma Lupae Numam exspectat.
Filias athleti timeo.
Filii patriam agricolarum vident.
Rivus Romae curat animum.
Filiae casam nautarum parant.
2nd Declension
• 99% of the nouns in the
second declension are
masculine or neuter.
• The exception is trees. All
trees are feminine, all the
time, always, forever.
• At the very least,
memorize the nominative,
genitive, and accusative.
The Genitive
• The genitive has two
primary uses.
– Showing possession
(possessive)
– Showing parts of a
greater whole.
(partitive)
The Possessive Genitive
• Indicates—you guessed it—possession (ownership or
affiliation).
• Translates into English as “of…”, or the ‘s at the end of nouns.
– Example: “The bacon and eggs of Ron”, or “Ron’s bacon and eggs.”
• Latin examples:
• Viri filius—”son of
the man” or “the
man’s son.”
• Rex Romae—”The
king of Rome” or
“Rome’s king.”
Practice
• Identify the genitive, then translate.
– Amicus pueri est.
– Viri casa est.
– Animi puellarum sunt.
– Filii virorum sunt.
– Patria filii est.
– Fabulae puerorum sunt.
Partitive Genitive
• The greater portion, of which something is
a…part.
• Used to indicate that something is part of a
larger group or entity.
• Examples:
– “One of the guys”; unus virorum
– “A part of the story”; pars fabulae
– “The boy of the family”; puer familiae
The…Genitive of Absence
• Used only with nihil
(nothing).
• Expresses a lack of
whatever is in the
genitive case.
• Examples:
– Nihil cenae
– Nihil aquae
Minerva, Neptunus, et Athenae
• Read the passage. Underline the genitive nouns and label them as
singular or plural. Then, translate.
• Minerva et Neptunus dei sunt. Oppidum Graecum
amant. Oppidum habet nihil tituli.
Neptunus aquae et ponti deus est. Pueri et Puellae
Athenarum aquam amant. Aqua animos puerarum
et puellarum curat. Neptunus aquam donat.
Tamen, Minerva olivae dea est. Viri, feminae, pueri,
et puellae olivas amant! “Olivas cenare amamus,”
vocant. Vir fabulam olivae narrat. Minerva olivas
donat.
Postquam, viri athenarum Minervam amant.
Minerva oppidum Athenas vocat. Finis.
Classwork
The following sentences tell what someone has. Change
the sentences to genitive phrases to indicate
possession.
• Puer aquam habet. aqua pueri (water of the boy)
• Puellae olivas habent. 
• Numa cenam habet. 
• Viri fabulas habent. 
• Vir habet filios. 
• Roma viros habet. 
• Athenae titulum habet. 
• Vir filiam habet. 
Genitive Summary
• The “possessor” goes in the genitive
• Casa viri. The house of the man
– The man ‘possesses’ the house, and so the man is in the genitive.
• Oliva pueri. The olive of the boy
– The boy possesses the olive—boy is in the genitive.
• The “whole” goes in the genitive:
• Pars fabulae. Part of the story
– The story is the larger unit/portion, thus it is genitive
• Endings for 1st and 2nd declension:
– 1st decl.—Singular: -ae. Plural: -arum
– 2nd decl.—Sing: -i. Plural: -orum