Transcript lesson 5 grammar lecture: genitive case

Lesson 5 – Genitive Case
Case Review
• It’s been a long summer and I’m sure some of you need a refresher on
cases. Here you go.
• You learned earlier that Latin uses endings to show how each noun
functions in a sentence. This is because Latin has no word order. e.g.
both “puella amat familiam” and “familiam amat puella” mean “the girl
loves the family”. These endings are associated with different cases.
Each case has a different use.
• There are 6 different cases and each has a separate ending for singular
(one) or plural (more than one)
• These are the basics
1. Nominative – subject
2. Genitive – “of”
3. Dative – indirect object
4. Accusative – direct object
5. Ablative – prepositional phrases (in, on, with, from, by)
6. Vocative – direct address
Lesson 5 – Genitive Case
Nominative Case Review
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The nominative case is used for subjects and all
words that describe or further identify the
subject.
e.g. Rita is a rebellious rocker
The verb is “is”
The subject is “Rita” because that’s who the
sentence a about
The predicate adjective is “rebellious” and would
be in the nominative case as it describes Rita
The predicate noun is “rocker” and is also
nominative since it further identifies who Rita is
Lesson 5 – Genitive Case
Accusative Case Review
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The accusative case is used for direct objects
A direct object is who or what is directly affected
by the action of the verb
• The following underlined words are all direct
objects and would therefore be in the accusative
case
1. Drooly Diesel dug a ditch (what was dug)
2. Impatient Igor hated idleness (what was hated)
3. Lazy Lorelei lacked laboriousness (what was
lacked)
Lesson 5 – Genitive Case
1st and 2nd Declension Review
Nom. Singular
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Nom. Plural
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
1st declension
-a (via)
-ae (viae)
-ae (viae)
-am (viam)
-ā (viā)
-ae (viae)
-arum (viarum)
-is (viis)
-as (vias)
-is (viis)
2nd declension
-us (carrus)
-i (carri)
-o (carro)
-um (carrum)
-o (carro)
-i (carri)
-orum (carrorum)
-is (carris)
-os (carros)
-is (carris)
Lesson 5 – Genitive Case
Preview
Before we begin please read pages 47-49
“Grammar” of your textbook. This will
give you a preview of what you are about
to learn.
1. What is the basic translation of all genitive
nouns?
2. What is the most common type of
genitive?
3. What are the various endings of the
genitive case?
Lesson 5 – Genitive Case
Genitive Case Introduction
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You learned last year that Latin does not have
the word “of”.
To show possession or another use of “of”, Latin
uses the genitive case.
It is what follows the word “of” in English (or has
an ‘s) that would be genitive in Latin.
So, if you want to say “of the queens” you would
add the genitive plural ending –arum i.e.
reginarum
N.B. we used –arum and not –orum because the
word regina belongs to the 1st declension. You
can tell because the genitive singular (the 2nd
Latin form on page 47) ends in an –ae
Lesson 5 – Genitive Case
Genitive Case Types
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The following are different “types” of genitives.
The type does not matter for translating. All
simply are preceded by the word “of”
Possession (most common) – shows ownership
e.g. the bone of Bozo
Material – shows what something is made of e.g.
the chair of silly putty
Quality/Characteristic – shows a trait of someone
or something e.g. a woman of brilliance
Quantity – shows how much of something e.g. a
crowd of meerkats
Partitive – shows a part of a whole e.g. a sliver of
cake