Transcript Off and Running

Off and Running
By Gary Soto
Day One
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Theme Introduction – School Rules
Summary and Genre
Spelling (prefix pre- and pro-)
Grammar-Action and Linking Verbs
Skill and Strategy: Text Structure-Compare and
Contrast; Context to Confirm Meaning
Characterization
Read Aloud
Vocabulary
Theme-School Rules
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In this theme, students see many ways
members of a community are connected.
As students read and listen to selections
about school experiences, they will realize
that students in school communities learn
not only information from texts but also
practical lessons about life.
School Rules
How do you interpret “School Rules”? Is
there more than one meaning?
 Preview the stories in this theme.
 Which selections seem to be about
learning a lesson?
 Which selections might focus on the
classroom and which might focus on a
particular student?
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Summary and Genre
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Miata Ramirez wants to become president
of her fifth-grade class. She meets and
elderly woman who helps her achieve her
goal.
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Genre – Realistic Fiction
Spelling Words Pre- and ProThe prefix pre- usually means “before.”
The prefix pro- means “for” or “on behalf of.”
Both change the meaning of the root.
Prevent
Program
Predict
Project
Pretend
Process
Prefer
Promise
Previous
Protect
Property
Propose
Precede
Proceed
Pronunciation
Professional
Pretest
Preview
Proclaim
Progress
Monday Homework Chart
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Homework TuesdayThursday is Choice
Activity.
Friday-Spelling Quiz.
Action and Linking Verbs
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An action verb tells what the subject
does, did, or will do.
A linking verb connects the subject to a
noun, a pronoun, or an adjective in the
predicate.
An action verb is often followed by a
direct object, a noun or pronoun that
receives the action.
Look at Sentence 1-4. Identify the verb
and then tell whether it shows an action
or links the verb to the noun/pronoun or
adjective.
Rewrite Sentence 5 using a different
form of be and a different adjective
after the verb.
Read sentences 6-9 and identify each
verb as an action or a linking verb. Tell
whether the word that follows each
linking verb is a noun that renames the
subject or an adjective that describes
the subject.
Called; action
Was; linking
Ate; action
Was; linking
Miata is excited about the election
Greeted, action; dir. Obj. - Miata.
Was, link; noun-worker
Suggested; action; direct object - something
Became; linking-adj.-curious
Read Aloud
Today we will read aloud a short story.
 Many stories are written primarily for the
readers’ enjoyment.
 When you listen with an open mind, the
events in the story can seem more real.
 The read aloud selection you are about to
hear is realistic fiction, the same genre as
our story this week, “Off and Running.”
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Read Aloud-Class President by Johanna
Hurwitz
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When the new fifth-grade teacher announces that there will be an
election for a class president, Cricket Kaufman, the most popular girl
in class is positive she will win. But what other qualities might a
class president need to have in order to win?
Just before lunchtime, Cricket raised her hand. “Can’t we vote
for a class president today?” she asked. She was probably going to
nag the teacher about it every day, thought Julio.
“What’s the rush?” asked Mr. Flores. “This is only the second
day of school. We have a whole year ahead of us.”
“Don’t remind me,” Julio groaned under his breath, but loudly
enough for Lucas and others nearby to hear.
“You said we should wait to know each other better,” Cricket
pointed out. “But we already know each other.”
“Yeah,” several of the fifth graders chorused.
“It’s true you know each other better than I know you,” said Mr.
Flores. “But since you’ve never voted for a class president before,
you may not have thought about what qualities a president should
have.”
“It’s got to be somebody that everyone likes,” said Arthur.
“True,” Mr. Flores said. “However, is an election just a
popularity contest? Does the most popular person make the best
president?”
“It’s the most popular person who always wins an election,”
said Zoe.
“Yes. Nevertheless, a person should be popular for the right
reasons,” said Mr. Flores. “What other qualities should a good
president have?”
No one answered. Even Cricket, who always had the right
answers to even the hardest questions, didn’t know what to day.
“What about leadership ability?” asked Mr. Flores.
But the teacher is the leader,” said Cricket.
“Of course,” said Mr. Flores. “But the student you elect must
have the potential to be a leader, even though the teacher is still in
charge.”
“Sometimes teachers are absent,” Lucas pointed out.
“Yeah, but then we get a substitute,” said Julio.
Just then the bell rang for lunch. “We’ll have an election on the
second Friday in September,” said Mr. Flores. “I want you to think
hard about the best candidate for the job. Look for a good leader,
someone who is fair and who stands up for whqat he or she thinks is
right. Think about someone who is concerned about the whole class
and not just a few special friends.”
Julio looked at Cricket. She was very smart and she spoke out
a lot in class. Probably she would make an okay president, but he
didn’t think she thought about anyone except herself and a few of
the girls who were her friends. Mr. Flores was right, Julio thought as
the class headed down to the lunchroom. He wondered if he himself
had what it takes to be a good leader.
Read Aloud Questions
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Why might Mr. Flores have wanted to wait to hold class elections?
So the students would have time to know who was the best
qualified. (Important Details)
What do you think the author is suggesting about what matter in an
election? (Not how popular the candidate is, but his or her
leadership qualities ( Author’s Purpose)
How can voters in national elections find out who might make a
good president? (Answers vary – Generalization)
Would you prefer to listen to a realistic fiction story like this one, or
to a nonfiction selection? (Answers vary-Personal Response)
Text Structure: Compare and
Contrast
Authors use text structure to organize information.
One type of text structure is to compare and
contrast. Authors can compare and contrast story
characters, settings, objects, ideas, and events by
identifying how they are alike and different. When
you read a piece of writing that is organized in this
way, look for signal words such as also, too, and
similarly for comparisons and but, yet, and although
for contrasts.
Text Structure: Compare/Contrast
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we read the
information to the
right, look at the signal
words.
Think about how the
underlined words help
you understand the
comparisons and
contrasts that the
author is making.
As
Use Context to Confirm Meaning
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Good readers use strategies,
such as using context to confirm
meaning, to make sure they
understand the meaning of
unfamiliar words. Good readers
are active readers, and they pay
attention to the context of the
text surrounding an unfamiliar
word.
If I am unsure of the meaning of
an unfamiliar word, such as
dominant, I can think about the
context in which the word
appears. I know that in Mexico
most people speak Spanish,
while in the United States most
people speak English, so I think
it must mean “main.”
Text Structure: Compare and Contrast
Reading Skills Rocket
 Test Tutor
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Characterization
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How does using
characterization help
you, as a reader, see
how characters are
alike and different?
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How would this skill
help you in the future
as you read realistic
fiction?
Character
Dona Carmen
Miata
Character’s thoughts,
words, or actions
Conclusion
ran against husband
because children of
town would need to
advance
She cares for other
people and is
concerned about the
future.
is excited by Dona
Carmen’s words
Miata is also
concerned about
other people and their
future.
Vocabulary
Graffiti
 Obnoxious
 Campaign
 Endorse
 Residence
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Vocabulary in Context
Graffiti
graf-fi-ti
drawings or writing
scrawled or painted on
a public surface, such
as a the wall of a
building
“The students who
wrote the graffiti had to
stay after school and
scrub it off.”
Obnoxious
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ob-nox-ious
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very unpleasant or
offensive
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“The landfill gave off
an obnoxious smell.”
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adjective
Campaign
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cam-paign
an organized series of
activities designed to
obtain a definite result
“The candidate made
speeches during her
campaign.”
noun
Endorse
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en-dorse
to give approval or
support to someone
“The company asked
famous sports stars to
endorse its products.”
verb
Residence
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res-i-dence
place where one lives
“Our residence was
an apartment on the
top floor of a threestory house.”
noun
Analogies
graffiti
Paper is to writing as wall is to ________.
endorse
 Leave is to depart as approve is to _____.
mayor
 State is to governor as town is to ______.
famous
 Nerve is to nervous as fame is to ______.
 Boring is to interesting as complicated is to
simple
_________.
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Day Two
Vocabulary Review
 About The Author-Gary Soto
 Build Background
 Characterization
 Genre Review
 Choral Read with Tape
 (Audio Tape 7, Track 6)
 Comprehension Check
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Vocabulary Review: Read Vocabulary Power on
page 490-491
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Graffiti: drawings or writing
scrawled or painted on a public
surface, such as a wall of a
building.
Obnoxious: very unpleasant or
offensive
Campaign: an organized
series of activities designed to
obtain a definite result.
Endorse: to give approval or
support to someone
Residence: place where one
lives
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campaign
The _______________
described the qualities of the
candidate running for mayor.
graffiti
While _________
can be a
community problem, many
consider it art.
residence
How is your __________
different than your school
building?
endorse
Many people will ___________
different people when they run
for mayor of Biz Town.
obnoxious sound is
When an _________
heard, it can bother others.
About Gary Soto
Harcourt Schools Biography
 Gary Soto’s Official Website
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Picture taken from:
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/
book_buddy/5off_running/author.html
Building Background
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What could you do to help someone who is trying to get elected?
Write letters, visit people’s homes, make speeches or telephone
calls.
What kinds of issues are important to people in national elections?
The economy, the environment, health care, taxes, foreign policy.
What kinds of issues are important to people in local elections?
Traffic , schools, public transportation.
Characterization
Writers use a variety of techniques to help readers learn about
their characters and make contrasts between and among them.
Sometimes writers directly describe characters’ appearances
and actions and explain their motives. Other times writers give
information through the characters’ thoughts, words, and
actions. Writers may also reveal their characters through the
thoughts, words, and actions of other characters.
In the first few pages of the selection, I learn from Miata’s
thoughts and words that she is running for fifth-grade class
present and is worried about winning. I also learned from her
father’s words and appearance that he has a sense of humor
and enjoys his family. Miata seems to be a bit nervous while her
father seems relaxed.
Characterization
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Characterization will help you learn and form
opinions about the characters.
Notice how a character reacts to other
characters and how other characters react to
him or her.
Look for information the author provides directly
about the characters.
Contrast the actions, motives, and appearances
of characters to better understand them and how
they relate to one another.
Genre-Realistic Fiction
Realistic fiction tells about characters and
events that are like people and events in
real life.
 In this selection, look for:
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Feelings that real people have.
 A setting that is familiar to most readers.
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When reading realistic fiction, one purpose for
reading is to enjoy reading about the story
characters.
Pages 494-495
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How do you know that Miata started calling people early in the
morning?
Her friend Belinda was still asleep; Miata’s family had not eaten
breakfast yet. (Draw Conclusions)
What kind of person is Miata’s father?
He is funny and loving; he likes to tease; he values his family.
(Characters’ Traits)
Compare and contrast Miata’s mood with her father.
Miata is worried, but her father is relaxed and joking.
(Compare/Contrast)
How did you adjust your reading rate when you reached page 495?
What elements on this page affected the way you read?
I slowed down because I needed more time to figure out the Spanish
words. When I read, I adjust my pace according to how easy or difficult
to understand the text is. On page 495, I slowed my pace so I could
use context clues to figure out the meaning of the Spanish words.
(Adjust Reading Rate)
Page 496-497
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Why does Miata’s mother tell her about her woman who had been
mayor?
Because she loves Miata and wants to help her; Miata asked about
important people; a mayor is important. (Characters’ Motivations)
What do you think will happen when Miata’s mother calls the
woman?
Miata’s mother will arrange for Miata to meet the woman. (Make
Predictions)
What is the meaning of the word tore in the sentence, “Miata’s family
tore into the morning feast”?
“Moved with speed and excitement.” When I use context to confirm
meaning, I look at clues around an unfamiliar word to figure out its
meaning. When I read the word tore, the meaning I know “ripped”
doesn’t make sense. I can confirm that in this case, “tore into the
morning feast” means that the family ate their food with enjoyment
and speed. (Use Context to Confirm Meaning)
Pages 498-499
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Why does the author use the verb climbing in the phrase soapsuds
climbing to their elbows?
The colorful language helps readers picture the suds starting at the
hands and ending at the elbows as if they were climbing. (Author’s Craft)
Compare how Miata felt when she first heard about Dona Carmen with
how she feels as she drives over to visit her.
At first she was excited about talking to her; now she is unsure – she
doesn’t know what to ask.(Compare/Contrast)
How has Miata’s mother helped in the campaign so far?
She arranges the interview with Dona Carmen and takes Miata to see
her. I ask myself how Miata’s mother has helped Miata so far. I read
that she set up the interview with Dona Carmen and drove Miata there.
(Self-Question)
Page 500-501
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Why do you think Miata’s mother tells her not to let Dona Carmen to pay
for the bread?
To thank Dona Carmen for taking the time to talk to her; to show an act of
kindness to an older person who may not have a lot of money.
(Characters’ Motivations)
What do you predict will happen when Miata talks with Dona Carmen?
Dona Carmen will give Miata some ideas about how to win the election.
(Make Predictions)
Why was Miata nervous about meeting Dona Carmen?
Miata didn’t know what to say. I didn’t understand why Miata seemed
reluctant to go up to Dona Carmen’s door, because I thought she was
looking forward to meeting her. I reread page 498 and remembered that
she couldn’t think of what questions to ask. (Re-read to Clarify)
Pages 502-503
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How do you know that Dona Carmen is elderly?
She walks with a slow shuffle; her hair is steel gray. (Important details)
How do you think Miata feels as she begins to talk with Dona Carmen?
More relaxed because Dona Carmen initiates the conversation; still
nervous about what to say? (Characters’ Emotions)
Pages 504-505
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In what ways are Dona Carmen and Miata similar? How are they
different?
They are both independent thinkers who care about other people’s needs;
Dona Carmen is more mature and wise. (Compare and Contrast)
Do you agree with Miata’s statement that the things she wants to do are
just little things? Why or why not?
No, cleaning up graffiti, repairing broken equipment, caring for lawns, and
planting flowers are big jobs for a fifth grader. (Make Judgments)
Summarize what gains from her conversation with Dona Carmen. Does
this outcome match what you predicted?
Miata is impressed and inspired by the older woman. Dona Carmen’s
promise to help her with the flowers also gives her new confidence. I had
predicted that in some way, the older woman would encourage Miata in
her campaign. (Summarize/Confirm Predictions)
What is the meaning of advance in the phrase, “…the children of her town
would need to advance…?”
Progress to change with the times. (Context to Confirm Meaning)
Think and Respond
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How does meeting Dona Carmen make a difference in Miata’s campaign?
Hearing what Dona Carmen did as mayor makes Miata more determined to
win the election; Dona Carmen’s flowers will help Miata keep her promise
to make the school pretty. (Summarize)
How does the author’s use of Spanish words add to the selection?
It makes the characters more realistic. (Literary Analysis/Author’s Craft)
What traits does Miata have that might make her a good school leader?
Why are these traits important?
She works hard to reach her goals and is not easily discouraged. This is
important because cleaning up the school will be a hard job. (Literary
Analysis/Make Judgments)
If Miata and Rudy were running for office in your school, who do you think
would win? Tell why you think so. (Personal Response)
How did you use reading strategies to help you understand the story?
(Reading Strategies.
Day Three
Vocabulary Review
 Partner Read (use Venn Diagram to
Compare and Contrast Miata and Rudy)
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Vocabulary Review
Graffiti
Obnoxious
Campaign
Endorse
Residence
Write the vocabulary word that goes with each group of words.
obnoxious
1. Unpleasant, irritating, rude, _________________
campaign
2. Plan, tactics, headquarters, _________________
endorse
3. Promote, approve, encourage, _______________
residence
4. Home, dwelling, apartment, __________________
graffiti
5. Paint, words, wall, _________________________
Purpose
Read “Off and Running” – pages 492 – 507. As you
read complete a Venn diagram to compare and
contrast Miata’s and Rudy’s campaign.
Rudy
Miata
Both
Fifth grader
Day Four
Review Vocabulary
 Characterization
 Discuss Story-Compare and Contrast (per
partner read)
 Vocabulary Test
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Vocabulary Review
Graffiti
Obnoxious
Campaign
Endorse
Residence
Use the vocabulary words to complete the sentence.
residence
1. The woman’s _________________
was in an apartment building.
graffiti
2. Someone had painted _________________ on the building’s white wall.
obnoxious
3. She reported the ___________________
behavior to the mayor’s office.
campaign
4. One of the mayor’s _____________________ promises had been to keep
the city clean.
endorse
5. The mayor decided to _________________ a plan to begin a block clean up
program.
Compare/Contrast
Rudy
Miata
Both
Fifth grader