Transcript Passive Voice of the Present System

Passive Voice of the Present
System
Chapters 18 & 21
What is the passive voice?
So far, all the verbs that we have been working
with have been used in the active voice. In the
active voice, the subject performs the action.
In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is
the recipient of the action of the verb.
Therefore, only transitive verbs (i.e. ones that take
a direct object) can be used in the passive voice.
The boy reads the book.
The book is read by the
boy.
What is the passive voice?
In English, we form the passive voice by
combining an inflected form of the verb “to
be” with a passive participle.
I am loved.
I will be seen.
He was being praised.
Which voice?
• I hid the book under my bed.
• The exam was graded by the teacher.
• The portrait was painted by an unknown
artist.
• The motor propelled the boat across the
lake.
Sg
The personal endings
for verbs which we
learned in chapter 1
were for the active
voice.
For the present system
of the passive voice,
we have a new set.
1st -r
2nd -ris
Pl
-mur
-minī
3rd
-ntur
-tur
But we still conjugate the
verbs in the same way,
by adding the personal
endings to the verb
stem.
Present Tense of 1st and 2nd
Conjugations
laudāre
laudā
laudor
laudāris
laudā
laudātur
laudā
laudāmur
laudā
laudāminī
laudā
laudantur
laudā
monēre
monē
moneor
monēris
monē
monētur
monē
monēmur
monē
monēmini
monē
monentur
monē
Present Tense of 3rd and 4th
Conjugations
dūce
dūcor
dūcere
dūceris
dūce
dūcitur
dūce
dūcimur
dūce
dūciminī
dūce
dūcuntur
dūce
faci
facior
facere
faceris
faci
facitur
faci
facimur
faci
faciminī
faci
faciuntur
faci
invenī
invenior
invenīre
invenīris
invenī
invenītur
invenī
invenīmur
invenī
invenīminī
invenī
inveniuntur
invenī
Imperfect of all conjugations
present stem + imperfect infix + passive endings
laudābar
monēbar
dūcēbar
faciēbar
inveniēbar
laudābāris
monēbāris
dūcēbāris
faciēbāris
inveniēbāris
laudābātur
monēbātur
dūcēbātur
faciēbātur
inveniēbātur
laudābāmur
monēbāmur
dūcēbāmur
faciēbāmur
inveniēbāmur
laudābāminī
monēbāminī
dūcēbāminī
faciēbāminī
inveniēbāminī
laudābantur
monēbantur
dūcēbantur
faciēbantur
inveniēbantur
Future of 1st and 2nd Conjugations
present stem + bo/bi/bu + passive endings
amābor
amāberis
amābitur
amābimur
amābiminī
amābuntur
monēbor
monēberis
monēbitur
monēbimur
monēbiminī
monēbuntur
NB alternate 2nd Sg: amābere and monēbere
Future of 3rd and 4th Conjugations
uses the same vowel changes as we learned for the active,
but with the passive endings
dūca
dūcar
dūcē
dūcēris
dūcē
dūcētur
dūcē
dūcēmur
dūcē
dūcēminī
dūce
dūcentur
facia
faciar
faciē
faciēris
faciē
faciētur
faciē
faciēmur
faciē
faciēminī
facie
facientur
invenia
inveniar
inveniē
inveniēris
inveniē
inveniētur
inveniē
inveniēmur
inveniē
inveniēminī
invenie
invenientur
Infinitives
The infinitive we learned in chapter 1 is the
present active infinitive.
ex: amare – to love
Now we’ll learn how to form the present
passive infinitive.
Infinitives
For conjugations 1, 2, and 4, just change the final –e of the
active infinitive into –ī.
For the third conjugation (including 3rd –io), change the whole
–ere into –ī.
amāre
→
amārī
monēre
→
monērī
dūcere
→
dūcī
invenīre
→
invenīrī
Agent
The person by whom the action of a passive verb is
performed is indicated by using ā or ab with the
ablative case.
Puer ā patre necātur.
We ingeniously call this the ablative of agent.
If the performer of the verb not a person, the means
by which it is done is indicated using the ablative of
means (Ch 14).
Puer tempestāte necātur.
Puer librum legit.
Liber ā puerō legitur.