Transcript Passive Voice of the Present System

Passive Voice of the Present
System
Chapter 18
What is the passive voice?
So far, all the verbs that we have been working
with have been used in the active voice. In the
active voice, the subject performs the action.
In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is
the recipient of the action of the verb.
Therefore, only transitive verbs (i.e. ones that take
a direct object) can be used in the passive voice.
The boy reads the book.
The book is read by the
boy.
What is the passive voice?
In English, we form the passive voice by
combining an inflected form of the verb “to
be” with a passive participle.
I am loved.
I will be seen.
He was being praised.
Which voice?
• I hid the book under my bed.
• The exam was graded by the teacher.
• The portrait was painted by an unknown
artist.
• The motor propelled the boat across the
lake.
Sg
The personal endings
for verbs which we
learned in chapter 1
were for the active
voice.
For the present system
of the passive voice,
we have a new set.
1st -r
2nd -ris
Pl
-mur
-minī
3rd
-ntur
-tur
But we still conjugate the
verbs in the same way,
by adding the personal
endings to the verb
stem.
Present Tense of 1st and 2nd
Conjugations
laudāre
laudā
laudor
laudāris
laudā
laudātur
laudā
laudāmur
laudā
laudāminī
laudā
laudantur
laudā
monēre
monē
moneor
monēris
monē
monētur
monē
monēmur
monē
monēmini
monē
monentur
monē
Imperfect Tense
present stem + imperfect infix + passive endings
laudābar
laudābāris
laudābātur
laudābāmur
laudābāminī
laudābantur
monēbar
monēbāris
monēbātur
monēbāmur
monēbāminī
monēbantur
Future of 1st and 2nd Conjugations
present stem + bo/bi/bu + passive endings
amābor
amāberis
amābitur
amābimur
amābiminī
amābuntur
monēbor
monēberis
monēbitur
monēbimur
monēbiminī
monēbuntur
NB alternate 2nd Sg: amābere and monēbere
Infinitives
The infinitive we learned in chapter 1 is the
present active infinitive.
ex: amare – to love
Now we’ll learn how to form the present
passive infinitive.
Infinitives
For conjugations 1 and 2, just change the final –e of
the active infinitive into –ī.
amāre
→
amārī
monēre
→
monērī
Agent
The person by whom the action of a passive verb is
performed is indicated by using ā or ab with the
ablative case.
Puer ā patre necātur.
We ingeniously call this the ablative of agent.
If the performer of the verb not a person, the means
by which it is done is indicated using the ablative of
means (Ch 14).
Puer tempestāte necātur.