Transcript the locative case - The Penn Latin Project

Chapters 16 and 17
1. Fourth-declension nouns
2. Fifth-declension nouns
3. The locative case
4. The passive voice: present, imperfect, and future
5. The ablative of agent
1. Fourth-declension nouns
declension
defining characeristic
examples
1
a
2
u
(originally o)
cf. Greek phil-os)
3
consonant
4
u
currus, -ūs m. chariot
NO FEMININE
cornū, -ūs n. horn
5
e
speciēs, speciēī f. sight
NO MASCULINE OR NEUTER
rēgīna, -ae f. queen
poēta, -ae m. poet
NO NEUTER
amīcus, -ī m. friend
FEW FEMININE (humus, -ī f. ground)
consilium, -iī n. advice
sol, sōlis m. sun
vōx, vōcis f. voice
animal, animālis n. animal
1. Fourth-declension nouns: The Temple of
Saturn, Roman Forum
Senatus populusque Rōmānus incendiō
consumptum [templum] restituit
1. Fourth-declension nouns declined
Masculine
(and
feminine)
vultus, vultūs m.
manus, manūs f.
*most fourthdeclension nouns
are masculine!
Neuter
genū, genūs n.
case
singular
plural
NOM
vult-us
vult-ūs
GEN
vult-ūs
vult-uum
DAT
vult-uī
vult-ibus
ACC
vult-um
vult-ūs
ABL
vult-ū
vult-ibus
case
singular
plural
NOM
gen-ū
gen-ua
GEN
gen-ūs
gen-uum
DAT
gen-ū
gen-ibus
ACC
gen-ū
gen-ua
ABL
gen-ū
gen-ibus
1. Fourth-declension nouns declined
domus, domūs f.
case
singular
plural
domus, domūs f. is NOM
a fourthGEN
declension noun
DAT
but borrows some
ACC
forms from the
second
ABL
declension
dom-us
dom-ūs
dom-ūs
dom-uum
dom-uī
dom-ibus
dom-um
dom-ōs
dom-ō
dom-ibus
4. Fourth-declension nouns
Some phrases
with fourthdeclension nouns
senātus populusque Rōmānus [nom. sg.]
the Senate and the Roman people
cavē Īdūs Martiās [acc. pl.]
Beware the Ides of March
in nomine patris, filiī, et spīritūs sanctī [gen. sing.]
In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
dē consulātū suō [abl. sing.]
on his consulship
2. Fifth-declension nouns
declension
defining characeristic
examples
1
a
2
u
(originally o)
cf. Greek phil-os)
3
consonant
4
u
currus, -ūs m. chariot
NO FEMININE
cornū, -ūs n. horn
5
e
speciēs, speciēī f. sight
NO MASCULINE OR NEUTER
rēgīna, -ae f. queen
poēta, -ae m. poet
NO NEUTER
amīcus, -ī m. friend
FEW FEMININE (humus, -ī f. ground)
consilium, -iī n. advice
sol, sōlis m. sun
vōx, vōcis f. voice
animal, animālis n. animal
2. Fifth-declension nouns declined
Feminine
(and
masculine*
rēs, rēi f. )
diēs, diēi m.
case
singular
plural
NOM
rēs
rēs
GEN
reī [diēī]
rērum
DAT
reī [diēī]
rēbus
*all fifth-declension ACC
rem
rēs
nouns are feminine,
ABL
rē
rēbus
except diēs, m.,
After a consonant, the genitive and dative singular
day, and meridiēs,
ending is –eī rather than ēī
m., noon
fidēs, fidēi f.
*other than rēs
and diēs most fifthdeclension nouns
do not appear in
the plural
case
singular
plural
NOM
fidēs
-
GEN
fideī
-
DAT
fideī
-
ACC
fidem
-
ABL
fidē
-
4. Fifth-declension nouns
Some phrases
with fifthdeclension nouns
rēs pūblica [nom. sg.]
the republic
diēs īrae [nom. sg.]
days of wrath
in mediās rēs [acc. pl.]
Into the middle of things
prīmā faciē [abl. sg.]
at first appearance
Pūnica fides [nom. sg.]
Punic trustworthiness
3. The locative case
RELATIONS OF PLACE
PLACE WHERE
PLACE TO WHERE
PLACE FROM WHERE
Usually expressed by in +
ablative
Usually expressed by ad or
in + accusative
Usually expressed by ab,
dē, or ex + ablative
in hāc urbe, in this city
oppidum in insulā
positum, a town
situated on the island
ad istum fundum, to
that estate
dē monte, down from
the mountain
in Āfricam nāvigāvit, he ex Āfrica, out of Africa
sailed to Africa
cum ā vōbis discesserō,
when I will have left you
3. The locative case
The Locative
1st decl.
2nd decl.
3rd decl.
4th decl.
5th decl.
-ae
-īs
-ī
-īs
-ī or –e
-ibus
---
-ē
Rōmae, at/in
Rome
Athēnīs, at/in
Athens
humī, on the
ground
bellī, in war
rūrī, in the
country
(from rūs,
rūrīs n.)
domī, at home
-with certain words (names of towns and small islands, domus and rus,
inter alia) the locative case is used to express place where
-these words, when used to express place to where and place to which,
usually take the appropriate case without a preposition
Rōmam, to Rome
Rōmā abesse, to be absent from Rome
domum, (to) home
domō, from home
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIAdHEwiAy8
4. Taking stock of your new verb
forms
person
number
tense
voice
mood
1st
2nd
3rd
singular
plural
present
imperfect
future
active
passive
indicative
subjunctive
imperative
infinitive
participle
perfect
pluperfect
future perfect
4. The passive voice
The Active and Passive Voice
ACTIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE
-the subject of an active verb is
performing the action: “they eat”
-a verb in the passive voice expresses
what is done to the subject of the verb
-subject becomes the recipient/sufferer
of the action: “they are being eaten”
-only transitive verbs have a true passive
sense: what could the passive forms of
currō, I run, or vīvō, I live, possibly mean?
Transitive Sentence Pattern:
Subject – Verb – Accusative DO
Puer patrem amat,
the boy loves his father.
Passive Sentence Pattern:
Subject – Passive Verb
Pater amātur, the father is loved
*the direct object of the transitive
sentence becomes the subject; the
subject of the transitive sentence is not
expressed (“mistakes were made”)
ducit militēs, he leads the soldiers
militēs ducitur, the soldiers are led
4. The passive personal endings
Active
Passive
-ō
-r
-s
-ris, -re
-t
-tur
-mus
-mur
-tis
-minī
-nt
-ntur
4. The passive voice: present
PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE
amō, amāre
moneō,
monēre
vincō, vincere
capiō, capere
audiō, audīre
amō
amās
amat
amāmus
amātis
amant
moneō
monēs
monet
Monēmus
Monētis
monent
vincō
vincis
vincit
vincimus
vincitis
vincunt
capiō
capis
capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
audiō
audīs
audit
Audīmus
audītis
audiunt
PRESENT INDICATIVE PASSIVE
amō, amāre
moneō,
monēre
vincō,
vincere
capiō,
capere
audiō,
audīre
amor
amāris
amātur
amāmur
amāminī
amantur
moneor
monēris
monētur
monēmur
monēminī
monentur
vincor
vinceris
vincitur
vincimur
vinciminī
vincuntur
capior
caperis
capitur
capimur
capiminī
capiuntur
audior
audīris
audītur
audīmur
audīminī
audiuntur
4. The passive voice: imperfect
IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE
amō, amāre
moneō,
monēre
vincō, vincere
capiō, capere
audiō, audīre
amābam
amābās
amābat
amābāmus
amābātis
amābant
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
monēbāmus
monēbātis
monēbant
vincēbam
vincēbās
vincēbat
vincēbāmus
vincēbātis
vincēbant
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
capiēbāmus
capiēbātis
capiēbant
audiēbam
audiēbās
audiēbat
audiēbāmus
audiēbātis
audiēbant
IMPERFECT INDICATIVE PASSIVE
amō, amāre
amābar
amābāris
amābātur
amābāmur
amābāminī
amābantur
moneō,
monēre
vincō,
vincere
capiō,
capere
audiō,
audīre
monēbar
vincēbar
capiēbar
audiēbar
monēbāris
vincēbāris
capiēbāris
audiēbāris
monēbātur
vincēbātur
capiēbātur
audiēbātur
monēbāmur vincēbāmur capiēbāmur audiēbāmur
monēbāminī vincēbāminī capiēbāminī audiēbāminī
monēbantur vincēbantur capiēbantur audiēbantur
4. The passive voice: future
FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE
amō, amāre
moneō,
monēre
vincō, vincere
capiō, capere
audiō, audīre
amābō
amābis
amābit
amābimus
amābitis
amābunt
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
monēbimus
monēbitis
monēbunt
vincam
vincēs
vincet
vincēmus
vincētis
vincent
capiam
capiēs
capiet
capiēmus
capiētis
capient
audiam
audiēs
audiet
audiēmus
audiētis
audient
FUTURE INDICATIVE PASSIVE
amō, amāre
moneō,
monēre
vincō,
vincere
capiō,
capere
audiō,
audīre
amābor
amāberis
amābitur
amābimur
amābiminī
amābuntur
monēbor
monēberis
monēbitur
monēbimur
monēbiminī
monēbuntur
vincar
vincēris
vincētur
vincēmur
vincēminī
vincentur
capiar
capiēris
capiētur
capiēmur
capiēminī
capientur
audīar
audiēris
audiētur
audiēmur
audiēminī
audientur
4. The passive voice: infinitive
5. The ablative of agent
PRESENT INFINITIVE PASSIVE
1st conj.
2nd conj.
3rd conj.
3rd -io
4th conj.
amārī, to be
loved
parārī, to be
prepared
docērī, to be
taught
vidērī, to be
seen, to seem
regī, to be
ruled
pōnī, to be
placed, put
capī, to be
taken
rapī, to be
seized
audīrī, to be
heard
fīnīrī, to be
finished
To express by what/whom a passive verb is done, Latin uses:
-for animate nouns: ā/ab + ablative (ablative of agent)
-for things: ablative of means/instrument w/no preposition
*when you see ā/ab + ablative with an inanimate noun in a passive
sentence, it probably isn't an ablative of agent!
4. The passive voice
CIL 6.20128, 4; By Roman Hands n. 24:
QUID MIHI TAM SUBITO MAXIMUS ĒRIPITUR?
quid: why?
tam: so
Maximus, -ī, m.: Maximus (a name)
ēripio, ēripere, ēripui, ēreptus: to snatch/tear/take away
Cicero’s In Catilinam II.1
“Nulla iam pernicies a monstro illo atque prodigio moenibus ipsis
intra moenia comparabitur… Non enim tam inter latera nostra sica
illa versabitur.”
pernicies, perniciēi f.: destruction, overthrow
monstrum, -ī n.: monster
prodigium, -ī n.: prodigy, portent, monster
moenia, -ium n. (3rd decl., usu. pl): walls
comparō, comparāre: prepare
latus, lateris n.: side (of body)
sīca, -ae: dagger