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Operating Systems and File
Management
Operating System
 The backbone of the
computer, managing
both hardware and
software resources
 Most important program
designed to run other
programs
 Host for application
programs run in your
computer
Operating System
 Manages and coordinates
the computer’s activities
and sharing of its resources
 Controls peripherals
(scanner, printer, etc.)
 Responsible for everything
from control and allocation
of memory to recognizing
input from external devices
and transmitting output to
computer displays
Purpose of an Operating System
 Controls the hardware and software so that the device it
lives in behaves in a flexible but predictable way


PC – processor, RAM, disk space, etc.
Handheld devices – keypad, screen, address book, phone
dialer, battery, network connection
 Organizes the hardware and software of a device or
computer


Ensures that each application gets the necessary resources
while playing nice with other applications
Allocates the limited capacity of the system to the greatest
good of all the users and applications
 Provides a stable, consistent way for applications to deal
with hardware without having to know all the details of the
hardware
Classifications of an Operating System
 Multi-user

Enables multiple users to run programs simultaneously
 Multi-processing

Supports running a program on more than one CPU
 Multi-tasking

Makes it possible to run more than one program
concurrently
 Multi-threading

Allows varied parts of a single program to run
concurrently
 Real time

Responds to input instantly such as during navigation
Tasks of an Operating System
 User interface
 Application interface
 Device management
 Storage management
 Memory management
 Processor management
Popular Operating Systems
Linux
 A UNIX-like OS and a prominent example of free
software and open source development
 Derives its name from the Linux kernel (a central
component of most OS) developed by Linus
Torvalds in 1991
 Predominantly used for servers
 Also used by video games, arcade games, and
embedded devices (cellphones and routers)
MacOS
 Owned by Apple Computers, company founded by
Steve Jobs
 Graphic user interface (GUI) based OS used by
Mac computers
 Introduced in the market 1 year ahead of Windows
 Proprietary software installed on apple products
(MAC desktop computers and laptops, iPod,
iPhone, iPad)
Windows
 Owned by Microsoft, a company founded by Bill
Gates
 Most widely used GUI based OS
 First introduced in 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS
 Can be found in desktops, laptops, servers, media
center, tablet PC, and other embedded devices
Comparing Operating Systems
MacOS
Windows
Linux
Creator
Apple Computers
Inc.
Steve Jobs
Microsoft
Bill Gates
GNU Project
Linus Torvalds, et
al
1st public release
1984
1985
1992
Predecessor
None
MS-DOS, VMS,
OS/2
Unix, Minix
Cost / availability
Bundled with
Bundled with
Freeware
hardware but is
hardware but is
also sold separately also sold separately
Preferred license
Proprietary
Target system types Desktop, laptop,
embedded device
Proprietary
GNU, GPL, and
other licenses
Desktop, laptop,
embedded device,
server, media
center, tablet PC
Desktop, laptop,
embedded device,
server, gaming
systems
Windows Desktop
 Working area of your
computer
 Where shortcuts to your
often used programs and
files are located
Parts of the Windows Desktop
 Pointer
Arrow used to select
items on the screen
 Icon
 Picture that represents a
file or program
 Taskbar
 Horizontal bar at the
bottom of the screen
 Displays active tasks for
easy access

 Quick launch

Contains shortcuts to
most often used programs
 Start menu
 Contains links to all
installed programs
Ubuntu 7.10
Ubuntu
 A South African ethical ideology focusing on
people’s allegiances and relations with each other
 Translation of the principle of Ubuntu
 “humanity
towards others”
 “belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects
all humanity”
Login window
Ubuntu Desktop
 First thing you see after
you login
 Where you manage and
run applications
 Default desktop
environment is GNOME,
a leading Unix and Linux
desktop suite and
development platform
Panels
 Located along the top and
bottom of the screen
 Can be customized to
contain a variety of tools
such as other menus and
launchers and panel
applets
 Default settings:
 Top – GNOME main
menu, date, time, help
 Bottom – list of open
windows, workspace
switcher
Panels
USB
Desktop
Right Click
Properties
Right Click
USB Properties
Right Click
Folder Properties
Ubuntu Window
 Similar to Windows
Explorer
 You can display multiple
windows at the same
time
 The title bar allows you
to minimize, maximize.
Or close the window
Files in the Window
Workspace
Workspace
 You can subdivide your
desktop into workspaces
 Each workspace can
contain several windows,
allowing you to group
related tasks together
Trash Bin
Right Click Trash
Bin Properties
Minimize all
Windows
Power Button
Power
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
Applications
Places
System
System
System
Mozilla
Firefox
Mouse Actions
Action
Definition
Click
Press and release the left mouse button without
moving the mouse
Left-click
Same as click, only used to differentiate it from rightclick
Right-click
Press and release the right mouse button without
moving the mouse
Double-click
Left-click the mouse twice in rapid succession without
moving the mouse
Click and hold Press the left mouse button and do not release
Drag
Click and hold the item you want to move (by not
letting go of the left button) and drag the mouse across.
Once you release the left-click the item is dropped.
Global Shortcut Keys
Shortcut Key
Function
Alt+F1
Opens application menu
Alt+F2
Displays the run application dialogue
Print Screen
Takes a screenshot of the entire desktop
Ctrl+alt+
arrow keys
Switch to the workspace of the specified direction
Ctrl+alt+D
Minimize all windows and focus on desktop
Alt+TAB
Switch between windows
Ctrl+alt+TAB
Switch focus between panels and desktop. Release to
select an item
Shortcut Keys
Shortcut Key
Ctrl+N
Ctrl+X
Ctrl+C
Ctrl+V
Ctrl+Z
Ctrl+S
F1
Function
Create a new document or window
Cut
Copy
Paste
Undo last action
Save
Help
File Management
File Management
 A virtual filing system
C:\
 A way to organize and
keep track of your files
on your computer
DOS
Apps
Spread Games
Docs
File
 A collection of letters, numbers, and special
characters
 May be a program or application, database,
reading list, simple letter, document, scripts,
libraries, etc. --- virtually any computer file you can
think of
Folders
 Allow people to organize files in a way that makes
sense to them
 Acts just like real life folders but are stored
virtually
 Can store files and other folders
Drive
 Just like a filing cabinet, it is a repository for all
your folders and files
 Has a letter designation in your computer (ex. c: or
d:, etc.)
 If designated as drive c: on your computer then it
holds and runs your operating system
Filename
 A special kind of string used to uniquely identify a
file stored in a computer
 Can be up to 67 characters long
 Different OS impose different restrictions in length
and allowed characters in filenames
 Prohibited characters:
\
/
*
:
<
>
?
%
“
|
. (period alone)
Types of Files
Documents
Websites
Images (pictures)
Videos
Sound (music)
Applications
.doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt,
.pptx, .rtf, .odt, .ods, .odp, etc.
.htm, .html, .php, .asp
.bmp, .jpg, .gif, .png
.flv, .mpg, .avi, .3gp, .mp4, .mov
.mp3, .wav
.exe
Directories
C:\
 Located in your drive
 Can contain a list of files
or a list of links to files
 Files and folders are
arranged hierarchically
DOS
Apps
Spread Games
Docs
Tips
 Save working files in My Documents
 Be consistent in naming files and folders
 Keep file and folder names short
 Instead of multiply copies, use shortcut links
Reminders
 Proper way of managing your files on the computer you are using
during class


Create a folder with the filename
BASICOM SECTION SURNAME FIRSTNAME
EX. BASICOM DMA1 TAN PENNY
 All files submitted in class should be in the following format:

Assignments (seatwork / homework)


Assignment_date_lastname
ex. Assignment_061110_tan
Project

project_lastname1_lastname2_lastname3 (alphabetically)
ex. Project_magdaluyo_tan_ubay
 Files that are improperly saved will receive deductions
 You may backup your files on a flash drive