Transcript Computer Basics 1

Computer Basics
Introduction to Computer
Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
• Identify the main parts of a computer.
• Identify the steps for starting a computer.
• Identify the different groups of keys on a keyboard.
• Perform different tasks by using a mouse.
What is a Computer?
An electronic device for storing and
processing data, typically in binary
form, according to instructions given to
it in a variable program.
Types of computer
Type of computer
Digital computer
Main frame
Computer
Micro Computer
Home
PC
Analog computer
Super Computer
Hybrid Computer
Mini Computer
Analog computer
Digital Computers
•
•
•
•
Digital computer counts and answer the questions by
the method of “HOW Many”. The input data is
represented by a number. These are used for the
logical and arithmetic operations.
Signals are two level of (0 V or 5 V)
Accuracy unlimited
low speed sequential as well as parallel processing
Output is continuous but obtain when computation
is completed.
Micro Computer
Micro computer are the smallest computer
system. There size range from calculator to
desktop size. Its CPU is microprocessor. It also
known as Grand child Computer.
• Application : - personal computer, Multi user
system, offices.
Mini Computer
These are also small general purpose system.
They are generally more powerful and most
useful as compared to micro computer. Mini
computer are also known as mid range
computer or Child computer.
• Application :- Departmental systems, Network
Servers, work group system.
Mini computer
Main Frame Computer
Mainframe computers are those computers
that offer faster processing and grater storage
area. The word “main frame” comes from the
metal frames. It is also known as Father
computer.
• Application – Host computer, Central data
base server.
Super Computer
• Super computer are those computer which are
designed for scientific job like whether forecasting
and artificial intelligence etc. They are fastest and
expensive. A super computer contains a number of
CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster. It also
known as grand father computer.
• Application – whether forecasting, weapons research
and development.
Super computer
Classification of Digital computer
•
•
•
•
•
•
Desktop
Workstation
Notebook
Tablet PC
Handheld computer
Smart Phone
workstation
Tablet PC
Handheld PC(PDA)
Smart phone
Parts of a Computer
1. Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, etc.)
2. Output Devices (Monitor, Speakers, etc.)
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory
4. Motherboard (Circuit Board)
5. Expansion Cards (Video Card, Sound Card, or NIC)
6. Hard Drive Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)
Parts of a Computer
Input Devices
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Microphone
• Scanner
• Webcam
Input Devices
20
Input Devices
• Other input for mobile devices
21
Parts of a Computer
Output Devices
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speaker/Headphone
Parts of a Computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• A device that interprets and runs the commands that you
give to the computer.
• Also referred to as the processor.
• Two major brands are Intel and AMD.
• Examples: Intel Core 2 Duo, AMD Turion X2
Parts of a Computer
Memory
• Memory is where information is stored and retrieved
by the CPU.
• There are two main types of memory:
– Random Access Memory (RAM): It is the main
memory and allows you to temporarily store
commands and data.
– Read Only Memory (ROM): It is the memory that
retains its contents even after the computer is
turned off.
Storage Devices
• A storage device is the computer hardware that
records and/or retrieves items to and from storage
media
• A hard disk is a storage device
that contains one or more
inflexible, circular platters that
use magnetic particles to store
data, instructions, and
information
– Sectors
– Tracks
25
Storage Devices
26
Storage Devices
• An external hard disk is a separate freestanding hard
disk that connects with a cable to a port on the
system unit or communicates wirelessly
• A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert
and remove from a drive
27
Storage Devices
• Flash memory is a type of memory that can be
erased electronically and rewritten
– Solid state media
– A solid state drive (SSD) is a storage device that typically
uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and
information
28
Storage Devices
• A memory card is a removable
flash memory device, usually
no bigger than 1.5 inches in
height or width, that you insert
and remove from a slot in a
computer, mobile device, or
card reader/writer
29
Storage Devices
• A USB flash drive, sometimes
called a thumb drive, is a
flash memory storage device
that plugs into a USB port on
a computer or mobile device
• An ExpressCard module is a
removable device mobile
device that fits in an
ExpressCard slot
30
Storage Devices
• An optical disc is a flat,
round, portable metal
disc with a plastic
coating
31
Communications Devices
• A communications device is a hardware
component that enables a computer to send
(transmit) and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more
computers or mobile devices
– Transmission media
32
Parts of a Computer
Motherboard
o Is the main circuit board inside the computer.
o Has tiny electronic circuits and other components on
it.
o Connects input, output, and processing devices
together (CPU, Memory, Hard Drive, DVD Drive)
o Tells the CPU how to run.
Parts of a Computer
Expansion Cards
• Video Card – is connected to the computer monitor and
is used to display information on the monitor.
• Network Interface Card (NIC) – is connected to other
computers so that information can be exchanged
between them.
• Sound Card– converts audio signals (microphone or
audio tape) which can be stored as a computer audio
file.
Parts of a Computer
Ports and Connections
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port
• FireWire (similar to USB but faster)
• Network Port (Ethernet)
• Parallel Port and Serial Port
• Display Adapter
• Power
Using a Computer
• To turn on a computer, press the power button on the
system unit.
• Log on to the operating system by your user name and
password.
• Computers allow you to create, modify, and save files.
• To shut down a computer, click Start, and then, at the
bottom of the Start menu, click Shut Down.
Using a Keyboard
Using a Mouse
• A mouse is a small device that you can use to move,
select, and open items displayed on your monitor.
• Most mouse devices have at least two buttons, left
and right.
• Mouse’s action:
o Point
o Double Click
o Left Click
o Right Click
o Click-and-Drag or Drag-and-Drop
Using a Mouse (cont.)
Different types of mouse devices available in the market:
o Regular mouse
o Trackball mouse
o Optical mouse
Questions
Common Computer Terminology
Objectives
• Identify the primary hardware components of a
computer.
• Define an operating system and its role.
• Define the term program.
• Explain what is meant by data.
• Define the term network, and identify the benefits of
networking.
• Define the term Internet.
Hardware
• Refers to all the physical components of a
computer.
• Includes all input devices, processing devices,
storage devices, and output devices.
• Examples of hardware are:
o keyboard
o mouse
o motherboard
o monitor
o hard disk
o cables
o printer
Operating Systems
• Is the most important software on the computer
• Controls and manages the hardware connected to your
computer
• Provides an interface that helps you to interact with the
computer
• Ensures that your computer is functioning properly
• Windows XP is an example of the operation system.
• Can be either text-based or graphics-based.
• Graphics-based operating system help you install hardware or
software with easy-to-use interface.
Programs
o The hardware and the operating system
together are referred to as a platform.
o Programs, also called applications, use this
platform to perform tasks.
o There are many types of programs:
o Some programs allow you to perform tasks
such as writing letters, doing calculations, or
sending e-mail messages.
o Other programs allow you to create
illustrations, play games, watch movies, or
communicate with other computer users.
Data
o Programs process data that you provide as input to
your computer.
o Data can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or
video depending on the type of program.
o Program processes the data and displays the output
on the screen.
o You can save this output in a file.
o The file can be an audio file, a text file, a graphics file,
or a video file.
Networks
• Is a group of computers and associated devices that
are linked together to facilitate sharing information.
• Can also be used to share data and devices such as
printers.
• A typical network has the following three
components:
o Server
o Workstation
o Communication channel
Networks
LAN
• Connects devices within a limited area (home or a
small group of offices)
• Commonly includes computers and shared
resources (printers and scanners)
Networks
WAN
• Is a network that connects devices in geographically
separated areas.
• Is used to connect networks across different
countries.
• The Internet is an example of a WAN.
Internet
• Internet is a worldwide collection of public networks
that are linked to each other for information exchange.
• Internet offers a range of services to its users (file
transfers between Internet users and electronic mail)
• The World Wide Web (WWW), or the Web, is another
service that the Internet provides.
• An intranet is similar to the Web but is accessible only
to authorized users of the organization.
Questions
APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS
TO
SOCIETY
COMPUTERS IN BUSINESS
BANK
Automatic Teller Machine
COMPUTERS IN ENGINEERING
Engineer’s doing their work
COMPUTERS IN THE
GOVERNMENT
Hospital
COMPUTERS AT HOME
COMPUTERS IN
MANUFACTURING
COMPUTERS IN SCHOOL
COMPUTERS IN SCIENCE
Robotics
3D
Movies
3D
Animatio
n
Importance of Computers
Personal and Home Uses
• Computers allow
people with
disabilities to do
normal activities
– Shopping online
– Playing games with
other people
– Work from home
Business Uses
• Computers allow
companies to keep large
amounts of information
at hand
– Databases
• Makes ordering and
tracking resources quicker
and easier
• Allows people to have
meetings from different
locations
Educational Uses
• The Internet allows
access to hundreds of
online research
materials
• Allows colleagues to
correspond quickly
about ongoing
research
Communication Uses
• Computers allow people across the world to
communicate easily
Introduction to windows
operating system
79
What is operating system?
Interface between
hardware and user.
Handle technical details
without user intervention.
A Collection of programs






Operating system
Systems software
Kernel
Utilities
Device drivers
Language translators
CMPF112 Computing Skills for Engineers
80
What is operating system?
• Responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing
of the resources of a computer
• Acts as a host for computing applications
run on the machine.
• Determines which applications should run
in what order and how much time should
be allowed for each application before
giving another application a turn (in
multitasking OS).
81
What is operating system?
• Handle the resource allocation and access
protection of the hardware.
• Relieves the application programmers
from having to manage these details.
82
Kernel
• Is the central component of most
computer operating systems; it is a bridge
between applications and the actual data
processing done at the hardware level.
• Responsibilities include managing the
system's resources (the communication
between hardware and software
components).
83
Function of OS
• It handles input and output process
• It sends messages to each application or
interactive user about the status of
operation and any errors
• It can off load the management of what
are called batch jobs so that the initiating
application is freed from this work (i.e.
print spool)
• It can manage how to divide the program
(in parallel processing)
84
Categories of operating System
• Embedded OS
– Used in handheld computers, Stored within
device in Read-Only Memory (ROM)
– Windows CE, Palm OS
• Network OS
– Controls and coordinates linked computers
(Network)
– Novell NetWare, Windows NT Server, UNIX
• Stand-alone Desktop/ Personal Computer OS
– Controls a single desktop or laptop computer
– Client operating system
– MS-DOS, Windows 2000, XP, Mac OS X, Linux
85
CMPF112 Computing Skills for
Engineers
MS-DOS
•
•
•
•
Uses a command-line interface
Screen provides prompts for user
User types commands
Largely replaced by graphical user
interfaces
• Not user-friendly
86
Microsoft Windows
Series of software operating systems and graphical user
interfaces produced by Microsoft
Most popular OS for
microcomputers
Designed for Intel processors
Active Desktop
 Graphical user interface (GUI) to
OS
Windows XP, Windows 2003,
Vista
Windows CE
 Embedded Compact
 for minimalistic computers and
embedded systems
 WinCE
CMPF112 Computing Skills for Engineers
Apple Mac OS
Series of graphical user First commercially
interface-based operating successful GUI
systems.
Has served as the
Runs on Macintosh
model for Windows
computers
and other GUI products
developed since then.
Designed for PowerPC
microprocessors
OS X
 Latest version OS
 compatible with both
PowerPC and Intel
processors through version
10.5 ("Leopard").
88
UNIX
• Originally ran on
mainframe and
minicomputers
• Used for large servers on
the Web
• Popular alternative to
Windows
• Several versions available
– Solaris 8
– Linux
89
Windows 7 & Windows 8
• Window 7
• Windows 8
90
Windows features
• Long file names (up to
255 characters)
• Plug and Play
• Makes installing
hardware components
easier
• Object Linking and
Embedding (OLE)
– Allows user to embed or
link one document to
another
Word Document
Excel Data
91
Windows Family
•
•
•
•
Windows 98
Windows Millennium Edition (ME)
Corporate Market
Windows NT (“New technology”)
– Windows 2000
– Windows 2003
•
•
•
•
•
•
Windows XP
Windows CE
Windows VISTA
Windows 7
Windows 8
Windows 10
92
Objectives
•
•
•
•
•
•
Understand the desktop
Manage windows
Identify Windows accessories
Work with security settings and software
Perform a search
Get help
93
Windows 7 Desktop
• Operating system
• Desktop
• Taskbar Icons
• Window
• Icon
Start button
Desktop
Taskbar
94
Adding Gadgets
Gadgets
Online gadgets
95
The Taskbar
Word
Excel
Program icons
96
Aero Peek
Preview
Program icon with three Word documents shown
97
The Start Menu
System folders
Programs
Control Panel
Help and Support
All Programs
Shut down
Search box
Start button
98
The Toolbar
Right-click on taskbar
to see the toolbars
Address toolbar
99
Pinning an Application
Jump List (iTunes)
Pinned programs
Copyright © 2011 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as
Prentice Hall.
Currently open program (iTunes)
100
The Notification Area
Pop-up window
Open Action Center
link
Action Center icon
Notification area
101
Customize the Desktop
Themes
Desktop Background
Window Color
102
Screen Saver
Window Components
Title bar
Minimize window
Maximize window
Close window
Scroll bar
103
Window Components (continued)
Aero Flip 3D
104
Window Components (continued)
Cascade windows
105
Showing the Desktop
Three documents (transparent) in Aero Peek
Show desktop
button
106
Dialog Boxes
Check box
Option button
Spin arrow
Text box
List box
Command button
107
Windows Accessories
Notepad
WordPad
108
Windows Accessories (continued)
Click here to
open a picture
Ribbon
109
Windows Accessories (continued)
Scientific view
Statistics view
Standard
view
Programmer
view
110
Windows Accessories (continued)
Sticky notes
111
Windows Accessories (continued)
Save Snip button
Annotation
tools
Screen clip
112
Security Settings and Software
• Windows Update
• Action Center
• Windows Firewall
• Windows Defender
• User Account Control • Parental Controls
113
Action Center
Buttons
Important alert
Suggested tasks
114
Windows Defender
115
User Account Control
Click and drag
this tab to adjust
UAC level
116
Windows Update
Select level of update
117
Windows Firewall
Click here to turn
firewall off or on
118
Parental Controls
119
Windows Search
Search box in
the window
Search bar on
Start menu
120
Expand or Narrow a Search
Expand a search here
Narrow a search here
121
Search keyword
Save a Search
Saved
search
122
Help and Support
Help and Support home
Print
Browse help
Options
Learn about other
support options
Browse topics
123
Remote Access
Windows Remote Assistance link
124
Summary
• Windows 7 enables you to access your
system resources, work with software, and
manage files and folders.
• In addition, security issues and
maintenance activities are monitored and
reported so you can keep your computer
in good working order.
125
Questions
126