Transcript Introduction to Operating Systems - Computer Science

By
Omar Y. Tahboub
Multimedia and Networking Lab MediaNet
Computer Science Department
Kent State University
Omar Y. Tahboub
Department of Computer Science
Kent State University
Kent, Ohio 44242
Office: (330)-672-7825
Email: [email protected]
URL: http://www.cs.kent.edu/~otahboub
Education



Ph.D. in Computer Science, Kent State University,
2010(expected)
M.S. in Computer Science, University of Jordan, 2004
B.S.in Computer Science, Jordan University of Science
and Technology, 2002
Research Interests

Scheduling-based Routing in Predictable Intermittent Networks

Scheduling-based Routing in Disruptive/Delay Tolerant
Networks

Internet2 Network Backbone Architectural Design

Internet2 Network Protocol Architectural Design

Dynamic Circuit Networking at MPLS Protocol (DCN@MPLS)

Design of Multi-Party Communication Architectures for
Enterprise Space Explorations




Introduction
Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”
Part 2: Introduction to Operating Systems
Summary

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”

Part 2: Operating Systems
◦ Reference Model
◦ Architectural Model
◦ Networking and Internet Evolution
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦

Operating System (OS)
The Functions of OS
The Organization of OS
Types of OS
Design Issues of OS
Summary

In this talk, we aim to achieve two main
goals:
1. Presentation of the “Big Picture” of modern
information systems.
2. Answer some interesting questions related to
operating systems:




What are they?
How they work?
In what types they come?
How do they evolve?

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”
◦ Components
◦ Architecture
◦ Interconnectivity


Part 2: Operating Systems
Summary


Information Systems (ISs) have become a
central element in modern organizations.
Generally, ISs are studied in in terms of their:
◦ Components
◦ Architecture
◦ Interconnectivity

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”
◦ Reference Model
◦ Architectural Model
◦ Network and Internet Evolution


Part 2: Operating Systems
Summary
People
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Data
Procedures
People
Operator
Teacher/Students
Stock
Broker
Banker
Software
Hardware
Data
People
Software
Procedures
Installation Manual
Software Training Kit
User Manual
Hardware
Data
People
Procedures
Hardware
Software
System Software
(Operating System)
Application Software
Data
People
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Monitor
Microcomputer
Mouse
Tower
Minicomputer
Keyboard
Supercomputer
Data
People
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Data
Video
Text
Audio
Image

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”
◦ Reference Model
◦ Architectural Model
◦ Networking and Internet Evolution


Part 2: Operating Systems
Summary
Information System Architectural
Model
Local Area
Network
Wide Area Network
The Internet

Modern ISs incorporate various types of
computers scaling from handheld gadgets to
supercomputers.

The software component represents a central
component in modern ISs.

Further, system software (OS) forms a key
element in the IS software component

Hence, it is the heart of the IS.

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”

Part 2: Operating Systems

Summary
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Operating System (OS)
The Functions of OS
The Organization of OS
Types of OS
Design Issues of OS

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”

Part 2: Operating Systems

Summary
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Operating System (OS)
The Functions of OS
The Organization of OS
Types of OS
Design Issues of OS

Operating systems are:
◦ No universally accepted definition
◦ “Everything a vendor ships when you order an
operating system” is good approximation
 But varies wildly
◦ “The one program running at all times on the
computer” is the kernel. Everything else is either a
system program (ships with the operating system)
or an application program.

Operating systems is:
◦ system software, which operates the computer hardware.
◦ A virtual machine shell, which provided a logical
representation of the underlying physical computer hardware.
◦ An intermediary between a user of a computer and the
computer hardware.
◦ A set of system and application and utility software that
manage, allocate and coordinate the underlying hardware
resources including:





Processor (CPU)
Graphic Processor (GPU)
Memory
Storage
Network Communication

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”

Part 2: Operating Systems

Summary
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Operating System (OS)
The Functions of OS
The Organization of OS
Types of OS
Design Issues of OS



Execute user programs and make solving
user problems easier
Make the computer system convenient to use
Use the computer hardware in an efficient
manner.

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”

Part 2: Operating Systems

Summary
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Operating System (OS)
The Functions of OS
The Organization of OS
Types of OS
Design Issues of OS

Computer-system operation
◦ One or more CPUs, device controllers connect
through common bus providing access to shared
memory
◦ Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices
competing for memory cycles

I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently

Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type

Each device controller has a local buffer

CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers

I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller

Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation
by causing an interrupt

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”

Part 2: Operating Systems

Summary
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Operating System (OS)
The Functions of OS
The Organization of OS
Types of OS
Design Issues of OS

Mainly there are five types of Operating
Systems:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Multi/Single-User Operating Systems
Multi/Single-Tasking Operating Systems
Real-Time Operating Systems
Distributed Operating Systems
Embedded Operating Systems
1. Multi/Single User Operating Systems:
◦ Allow multiple users to access a computer system
concurrently.
◦ Time-sharing systems can be classified as multi-user
systems.
◦ Single-user operating systems, are usable by a single
user at a time.
◦ Multi-user operating systems
◦ Single-user operating systems
2. Multi/Single Tasking Operating Systems:
◦ Single Tasking: only one program is allowed to run
at a time.
◦ Multi-Taking OS: Multi programs are allowed to run
concurrently.
 Pre-emptive : OS slices CPU time and dedicate a slice
for each program.
 Cooperative: relying on each process to give time to
the other processes in a defined manner
3. Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS):
◦ Multitasking operating system that aims at executing
real-time applications.
◦ Quick and predictable response to events.
◦ Use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can
achieve a deterministic nature of behavior.
 Event-driven
 time-sharing design.
◦ ChibiOS/RT, BeRTOS and LynxOS
4. Distributed Operating Systems (DOS):
◦ Manages a group of independent computers and makes
them appear to be a single computer.
◦ When computers in a group work in cooperation, they
make a distributed system.
◦ Amoeba Operating System, and E1 DOS
5. Embedded Operating Systems :
◦ Used in embedded computer systems are known as
embedded operating systems.
◦ Operate on small machines like PDAs with less
autonomy.
◦ Operate with a limited number of resources.
◦ Windows CE, FreeBSD, and Minix 3.

Introduction

Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big
Picture”

Part 2: Operating Systems

Summary
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Operating System (OS)
The Functions of OS
The Organization of OS
Types of OS
Design Issues of OS


Development of faster and more robust
hardware.
Demand for better performance coping with
emerging hardware technologies.

Scalability.

Security.

Communication and Internet Evolution

Gave a brief demonstration of modern
information systems highlighting operating
systems.

Operating system forms the heart of an
information system.

Gave a holistic introduction to operating systems
answering a number interesting questions:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
What are they?
What they do?
How they are organized?
What are their types?
What are the their design issues?