Transcript Document

• Process Control
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Productivity improving technologies (historical) - Automation, process control
and servomechanisms
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The earliest applications of process control
were mechanisms that adjusted the gap
between mill stones for grinding grain and
for keeping windmills facing into the wind
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Productivity improving technologies (historical) - Automation, process control
and servomechanisms
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Process control is the usual form of
automation that allows industrial
operations like oil refineries, steam
plants generating electricity or paper
mills to be run with a minimum of
manpower, usually from a number of
control rooms.
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OBASHI - DCS - CAD in Process control
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The Oil & Gas, Chemical, Pharmaceutical,
Power Generation, Water, Food and
Beverage, Cement, Steelmaking and
Paper industries have relied on Distributed
Control Systems (DCS) to manage and
control their Manufacturing and Process
Control systems.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance - Process control
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NMR has now entered the arena of realtime process control and process
optimization in oil refineries and
petrochemical plants
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Annunciator panel - Process control
In industrial process control, an
annunciator panel is a system to alert
operators of alarm conditions in the plant
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Process control
'Process control' is an engineering
discipline that deals with Process
architecture|architectures, Mechanism
(technology)|mechanisms and algorithms
for maintaining the output of a specific
process (engineering)|process within a
desired range.
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Process control
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Process control is extensively used in
industry and enables mass production
of continuous processes such as oil
refining, paper manufacturing,
chemicals, power plants and many
other industries. Process control
enables automation, with which a
small staff of operating personnel can
operate a complex process from a
central control room.
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Process control - Background
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Process control may either use feedback
or it may be open loop. Control may also
be continuous (automobile cruise control)
or cause a sequence of discreet events,
such as a timer on a lawn sprinkler (on/off)
or controls on an elevator (logical
sequence).
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Process control - Types of processes using process control
*Discrete – Found in many
manufacturing, motion and packaging
applications. Robotic assembly, such
as that found in automotive
production, can be characterized as
discrete process control. Most
discrete manufacturing involves the
production of discrete pieces of
product, such as metal stamping.
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Process control - Types of processes using process control
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*Continuous – Often, a physical system is
represented through variables that are
smooth and uninterrupted in time. The
control of the water temperature in a heating
jacket, for example, is an example of
continuous process control. Some important
continuous processes are the production of
fuels, chemicals and plastics. Continuous
processes in manufacturing are used to
produce very large quantities of product per
year (millions to billions of pounds).
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Process control - Types of processes using process control
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Applications having elements of discrete,
batch and continuous process control are
often called hybrid applications.
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OLE for process control
'OLE for Process Control' (OPC),
which stands for Object Linking and
Embedding (OLE) for Process Control,
is the original name for a
standardization|standards
specification developed in 1996 by an
industrial automation industry task
force. The standard specifies the
communication of Real-time
computing|real-time plant data
between control devices from
different manufacturers.
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OLE for process control
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http://www.opcfoundation.org/Defaul
t.aspx/01_about/01_whatis.asp The
change in name reflects the
applications of OPC technology for
applications in Process Control,
discrete manufacturing, building
automation, and many others
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OLE for process control - Origin and uses
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The specification defined a standard
set of Object (computer
science)|objects, Interface (computer
science)|interfaces and Method
(computer science)|methods for use in
process control and manufacturing
automation applications to facilitate
interoperability
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OLE for process control - Design
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OPC was designed to provide a common
bridge for Windows based software
applications and process control hardware
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OLE for process control - Design
OPC servers provide a method for many
different software packages (so long as it is
an OPC Client) to access data from a process
control device, such as a Programmable
logic controller|PLC or Distributed control
system|DCS. Traditionally, any time a
package needed access to data from a device,
a custom interface, or driver, had to be
written. The purpose of OPC is to define a
common interface that is written once and
then reused by any business, SCADA, HumanMachine Interface|HMI,
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OLE for process control - Design
There is nothing in the OPC
specifications to restrict the server to
providing access to a process control
device. OPC Servers can be written
for anything from getting the internal
temperature of a microprocessor to
the current temperature in Monument
Valley.
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Statistical process control
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' Statistical process control (SPC)' is a
method of quality control which uses
statistics|statistical methods
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Process control block
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'Process Control Block' (PCB, also called
'Task Controlling Block', 'Task Struct', or
'Switchframe') is a data structure in the
operating system Kernel (computer
science)|kernel containing the information
needed to manage a particular process.
The PCB is the manifestation of a process
in an operating system. pages 57-58
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Process control block - Structure
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Process control information is used by the OS to
manage the process itself. This includes:
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Chemical plant - Process control
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Process control with
a computer
represents more
modern technology
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Process control monitoring
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In the application of integrated circuits,
'process control monitoring' (PCM) is the
procedure followed to obtain detailed
information about the process used.
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Process Window Index - Statistical process control
Manufacturing industry has developed
customized specification limits known as
Process Windows. Within this process
window, values are plotted. The values
relative to the process mean of the window
are known as the Process Window Index. By
using PWI values, processes can be
accurately measured, analyzed, compared,
and tracked at the same level of statistical
process control and quality control available
to other manufacturing processes.
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Process control network
However, Process Control Networks
(PCNs)have several special requirements
that must be met in order for the solution
to be acceptable to the industry
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Process control network
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Modern process control networks rely
on Ethernet, TCP/IP, and Microsoft
Windows
technology.http://energy.gov/sites/pr
od/files/Good%20Practices%20Guide
%20for%20Firewall%20Deployment.p
df
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