Transcript Document

• ACPI
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BIOS - Virus attacks
The second BIOS virus was a
technique presented by John
Heasman, principal security
consultant for UK-based NextGeneration Security Software. In 2006,
at the Black Hat Security Conference,
he showed how to elevate privileges
and read physical memory, using
malicious procedures that replaced
normal ACPI functions stored in flash
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BIOS - BIOS Boot Specification
The specification
can be downloaded
from the ACPICA
website
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BIOS - Changing role of the BIOS
Later BIOS took on more complex
functions, by way of interfaces such as
ACPI; these functions include power
management, hot swapping, thermal
management.
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FreeDOS - Features
FDAPM — APM
info/control/suspend/poweroff, ACPI
throttle, HLT energy saving
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Green computing - Power management
ACPI is a successor to an earlier IntelMicrosoft standard called Advanced Power
Management, which allows a computer's
BIOS to control power management
functions.
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Green computing - Operating system support
1
Further iterations of Windows added hibernate
(suspend-to-disk) and support for the ACPI
standard
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Rootkit - Hardware/Firmware
1
A firmware rootkit uses device or platform
firmware to create a persistent malware
image in hardware, such as a router,
network card, hard drive, or the system
BIOS. The rootkit hides in firmware,
because firmware is not usually inspected
for code integrity. John Heasman
demonstrated the viability of firmware
rootkits in both ACPI firmware routines and
in a PCI expansion card ROM.
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Windows ME - Hardware support improvements
* 'Improved power management and
suspend/resume operations': The OEM
version of Windows ME supports OScontrolled ACPI S4 sleep state (Hibernate
(OS feature)|hibernation) and other power
management features without
manufacturer-supplied drivers.
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Windows 2000 - New and updated features
Windows 2000 is also the first
Windows version to support Hibernate
(computing)|hibernation at the
Operating System level (OS-controlled
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI S4 sleep state) unlike
Windows 98 which required special
drivers from the hardware
manufacturer or driver developer.
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Windows 2000 - Plug and Play and hardware support improvements
1
The most notable improvement from Windows NT
4.0 is the addition of Plug and Play with full
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI and Windows Driver Model
support. Similar to Windows 9x, Windows 2000
supports automatic recognition of installed
hardware, hardware resource allocation, loading of
appropriate drivers, PnP APIs and device
notification events. The addition of the kernel PnP
Manager along with the Power Manager are two
significant subsystems added in Windows 2000.
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Windows 2000 - Deployment
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(If a system had different HALs, mass
storage devices or ACPI support, then
multiple images would need to be
maintained.)
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Sleep mode - ACPI
1
Without ACPI functionality, as seen on
older hardware, sleep mode is usually
restricted to turning off the monitor and
spinning down the Hard Drive.
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Sleep mode - Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows 2000 and later
support sleep at the Operating System
level (OS-controlled ACPI S4 sleep state)
without special drivers from the
hardware manufacturer. Windows Vista's
Fast Sleep and Resume feature saves the
contents of volatile memory to hard disk
before entering sleep mode. If power to
memory is lost, it will use the hard disk
to wake up. The user has the option of
hibernating directly if they wish.
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Windows (operating system) - Windows 9x
1
Windows 95 was followed up with the
release of Windows 98 on June 25,
1998, which introduced the Windows
Driver Model, support for Universal
Serial Bus#Overview|USB composite
devices, support for Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI, hibernation
(computing)|hibernation, and support
for multi-monitor configurations
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Advanced Power Management
1
Revision 1.2 was the last version of the
APM specification, released in 1996.
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI is intended as the
successor to APM. Microsoft dropped
support for APM in Windows Vista. The
Linux|Linux kernel still mostly supports
APM, with the last fully functional APM
support shipping in 3.3.
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Dynamic frequency scaling - Implementations
According to the Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI Specs, the C0 working
state of a modern-day CPU can be
divided into the so-called P-states
(performance states) which allow
clock rate reduction and T-states
(throttling states) which will further
throttle down a CPU (but not the actual
clock rate) by inserting STPCLK (stop
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Power management
1
'Power management' is a feature of some
electrical appliances, especially
photocopying|copiers, computers and
computer peripherals such as Computer
display|monitors and Computer
printer|printers, that turns off the power
or switches the system to a low-power
state when inactive. In computing this is
known as PC power management and is
built around a standard called Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI. This supersedes
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Power management
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advanced power management|APM. All recent
(consumer) computers have ACPI support.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
1
In computing, the 'Advanced Configuration
and Power Interface' ('ACPI') specification
provides an open standard for device
configuration and power management by
the operating system.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
First released in December 1996, ACPI
defines Cross-platform|platformindependent interfaces for hardware
discovery, configuration, power
management and monitoring. The
specification is central to Operating
System-directed configuration and Power
Management (OSPM), a system
implementing ACPI, which removes device
management responsibilities from legacy
firmware interfaces.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
1
In October 2013, original developers of the
ACPI standard agreed to transfer all
assets to the Unified EFI Forum|UEFI
Forum, where all future development will
be taking place.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Overview
1
ACPI aims to consolidate, check and
improve upon existing power and
configuration standards for hardware
devices. It provides a transition from
earlier standards to entirely ACPIcompliant hardware,
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Overview
1
With the intention of replacing Advanced
Power Management, the MultiProcessor
Specification and the Plug and Play BIOS
Specification,[
http://www.acpi.info/presentations/AC
PI_Overview.pdf ACPI Overview] the
standard brings power management
under the control of the Operating
System (OSPM), as opposed to the
previous BIOS-central system, which
relied on platform-specific firmware to
determine power management and
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Overview
1
The ACPI specification contains numerous
related components for hardware and
software programming, as well as a unified
standard for device/power interaction and
for bus configuration. Linus Torvalds,
creator of the Linux kernel, once described
it as a complete design disaster in every
way in relation to his view that modern
PCs are horrible.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Overview
Some software developers have
trouble implementing ACPI, and
express concerns about the
requirements that bytecode from an
external source must be run by the
system with full privileges.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Overview
1
Microsoft's Windows 98 became the first
operating-system that fully implemented
ACPI, with Windows 2000, Windows XP,
Windows Vista, Windows 7, eComStation,
FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, HP-UX,
OpenVMS, Linux kernel|Linux, and IBM
PC compatible|PC versions of SunOS all
having at least some support for ACPI.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - OSPM responsibilities
Once an OSPM-compatible Operating
System activates ACPI, it takes over and
has exclusive control of all aspects of
power management and device
configuration. The OSPM implementation
must expose an ACPI-compatible
environment to device drivers, which
exposes certain system, device and
processor states.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Global states
The ACPI specification defines the
following four Global Gx states and six
Sleep Sx states for an ACPI-compliant
computer-system:ACPI Spec Rev 5.0 dated December 6, 2011
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Global states
Furthermore, the specification
defines a Legacy state: the state on an
operating system which does not
support ACPI. In this state, the
hardware and power are not managed
via ACPI, effectively disabling ACPI.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Processor states
* 'C1' (often known as Halt) is a state
where the processor is not executing
instructions, but can return to an executing
state essentially instantaneously. All ACPIconformant processors must support this
power state. Some processors, such as
the Pentium 4, also support an Enhanced
C1 state ('C1E' or Enhanced Halt State)
for lower power consumption.
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Hardware interface
1
ACPI-compliant systems interact with
hardware through either a Function
Fixed Hardware (FFH) Interface, or a
platform-independent hardware
programming model which relies on
platform-specific ACPI Machine
Language (AML) provided by the
original equipment manufacturer
(OEM).
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Hardware interface
Function Fixed Hardware interfaces are
platform-specific features, provided by
platform manufacturers for the purposes of
performance and failure recovery.
Standard Intel-based IBM PC
Compatible|PCs have a fixed function
interface defined by Intel, which provides a
set of core functionality that reduces an
ACPI-compliant system's need for full
driver stacks for providing basic
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - Firmware interface
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ACPI defines a large number of tables
that provide the interface between an
ACPI-compliant operating system,
and system firmware. For example:
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - ACPI Component Architecture
(ACPICA)
The ACPI Component Architecture
(ACPICA) provides an open
source|open-source OS-independent
reference implementation of the ACPI
specification.[http://www.acpica.org/
ACPICA]
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - History
The first revision of the ACPI
specification was released in
December 1996, supporting 16 and 32bit addressing spaces. It was not until
August 2000 that ACPI received 64-bit
address support as well as support for
multiprocessor workstations and
servers with revision 2.0. In
September 2004, revision 3.0 gave the
ACPI specification support for SATA
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Hibernation (computing) - Operating system support
1
Early implementations of hibernation
used the BIOS, but modern operating
systems usually handle hibernation.
Hibernation is defined as sleeping
mode 'S4' in the Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI
specification.[http://www.acpi.info/D
OWNLOADS/ACPIspec30b.pdf ACPI
Specification Rev 3.0b]
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Hibernation (computing) - Microsoft Windows
On Windows computers, hibernation is
available only if 'all' hardware is Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI
and Plug-and-play compliant, and
additionally all drivers are Plug-andplay|PnP-compatible
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Hibernation (computing) - Microsoft Windows
However, hibernation often caused
problems since most hardware was not
fully ACPI 1.0 compliant or did not have
Windows Driver Model|WDM drivers
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Hibernation (computing) - Microsoft Windows
Windows 2000 was the first Windows
release to support hibernation at the
Operating System level (OS-controlled
ACPI S4 sleep state) without special
drivers from the hardware manufacturer. A
file, hiberfil.sys is used to store the
contents of RAM when the computer
hibernates, and was of the same size as
the total RAM. A hidden system file resides
in the root of the system partition, usually
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VIA Technologies - VX900
1
:* ACPI 3.0 and PCI Bus Power
Management 1.1 compliant
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Cool'n'Quiet - Implementation
1
Unlike Windows XP, Windows Vista
only supports Cool'n'Quiet on
motherboards that support Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI 2.0 or later.
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KolibriOS - Development branches
* KolibriACPI:
Extended ACPI support
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MultiProcessor Specification
Since most newer machines support
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface (ACPI) which subsumes the MPS
functionality, MPS has for the most part
been supplanted by ACPI. MPS can still
be useful on machines or with operating
systems that do not support ACPI.
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I/O Controller Hub - ICH
* Advanced
Configuration and
Power Interface (ACPI)
Support
1
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I/O Controller Hub - ICH5
1
In 2003, and in conjunction with the
i865 and i875 northbridges, the ICH5
was created. A Serial ATA|SATA host
controller was integrated. The ICH5R
variant additionally supported RAID 0
on SATA ports. Eight USB-2.0 ports
were available. The chip had full
support for Advanced Configuration
and Power Interface|ACPI 2.0. It had
460 pins.
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Platform Controller Hub - Issues
*Bogus USB ports will be detected at
desktop PCH equipped with 6 USB ports
(3420, H55) on the first EHCI controller.
This can happen when AC power is
removed after entering ACPI S4. Adding
AC power back and resuming from S4
may result in non detected or even non
functioning USB device (erratum 12)
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Platform Controller Hub - Issues
*Bogus USB ports will be detected at
mobile PCH equipped with 6 USB ports
(HM55) on the first EHCI controller. This
can happen when AC power and battery
are removed after entering ACPI S4.
Adding AC power or battery back and
resuming from S4 may result in non
detected or even non functioning USB
device (erratum 13)
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Platform Controller Hub - Issues
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*SATA 6Gbit/s devices may not be detected at cold
boot or after ACPI S3, S4 resume (erratum 21)
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QEMU - Xen-HVM
1
The emulated devices and generic devices in
QEMU make up its device models for I/O
virtualization.[http://www.sun.com/blueprints/1
107/820-3703.pdf Solaris Operating System
Hardware Virtualization Product Architecture]
They comprise a PIIX3 IDE (with some
rudimentary PIIX4 capabilities), Cirrus Logic
or plain VGA emulated video, RTL8139 or
E1000 network emulation, and ACPI
support.[http://ian.blenke.com/xen/hvm/svm/v
tx/qemu Demystifying Xen HVM] APIC
support is provided by Xen.
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Intel APIC Architecture - Problems
1
Defective BIOSes may not set up interrupt
routing properly, or provide incorrect
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI tables and Intel
MultiProcessor Specification (MPS) tables
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Intel Galileo
Helping to expand native usage and
capabilities beyond the Arduino shield
ecosystem, the Intel development board
comes standard with several computing
industry standard I/O interfaces, including
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI, PCI Express, 10/100 Mbit
Ethernet, SD, USB 2.0 device and
EHCI/OHCI USB host ports, high-speed
UART, RS-232 serial port, programmable
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System Management Bus - SMBus protocols
Each message transaction on SMBus
follows the format of one of the defined
SMBus protocols. The SMBus protocols
are a subset of the data transfer formats
defined in the I²C specifications. I²C
devices that can be accessed through
one of the SMBus protocols are
compatible with the SMBus
specifications. I²C devices that do not
adhere to these protocols cannot be
accessed by standard methods as
defined in the SMBus and ACPI
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Systemd - Software architecture
Systemd provides a replacement for
sysvinit, pm-utils, inetd, acpid, syslog,
watchdog, cron and At (Unix)|atd, and
obsoletes ConsoleKit.[
http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Softwa
re/ConsoleKit/ ConsoleKit official
website]
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Windows 98 - ACPI
Windows 98 introduced Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI
1.0 support which enabled Standby (ACPI
S3) and Hibernation
(computing)|Hibernate (ACPI S4) states
1
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Windows 98 - Windows 98 Second Edition
1
Also included is basic Open Host Controller
Interface|OHCI-compliant FireWire (IEEE
1394a) DV camcorder support (MSDV class
driver) and SBP-2 support for mass storage
class devices,[ http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/windows/hardware/gg454506#E3AAC IEEE
1394 and the Windows platform] Wake-On-LAN
support (if ACPI compatible Network Driver
Interface Specification|NDIS drivers are
present) and Internet Connection Sharing,
which allows multiple computers on a Local
area network|LAN to share a single Internet
connection through Network Address
Translation
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EComStation - Version 2.0
1
In addition, the new ACPI driver allowed
access to OS/2's symmetric multiprocessing support, obviating the need for
IBM's proprietary SMP-enablement driver
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VxD - Obsolescence
1
Using VxD drivers instead of WDM drivers
in Windows 9x resulted in advanced
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI states like Hibernation
(computing)|hibernation being unavailable.
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Linux Kernel Mailing List
1
It is also the official place for reporting bugs in the Linux kernel, in case one
cannot find the maintainer to whom the bug should be
reported.[http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html Reporting
bugs for the Linux kernel] A controversial author suggests that it was on
LKML that Tux, the official Linux mascot, was suggested and
refined.[http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,42209,00.html The Story
Behind Tux the
Penguin][http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/9605/index.html#119
Initial thread for Linux logo] Many companies associated with Linux kernel
make announcements and proposals on LKML; for example,
Novell,[http://news.com.com/2061-10795_3-5772444.html Novell introduces
Linux kernel debugger] Intel,[http://news.com.com/2100-1001-984769.html
Intel, Red Hat cure open-source hiccup],
[http://uwsg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0212.0/1387.html Proposed ACPI
Licensing change]
VMware,[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/04/20/vmware_linux_xen/page2.
html Linux team tells VMware and Xen to get their acts together],
[http://lwn.net/Articles/175457/ VMI i386 Linux virtualization interface
proposal] IBM,[http://www.kernel-traffic.org/kernel-traffic/kt20010709_125.txt
IBM announces Journaled File System v 1.0.0], Kernel Traffic #125 For 9
July 2001 etc.
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Windows 2000 Server - New and updated features
1
Windows 2000 is also the first Windows
version to support Hibernate
(computing)|hibernation at the
Operating System level (OS-controlled
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI S4 sleep state) unlike
Windows 98 which required special
drivers from the hardware
manufacturer or driver developer.
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Boot loader - Modern boot loaders
BIOS Boot Specification 1.01
([https://www.acpica.org/download/spe
csbbs101.pdf]).) of system memory and
not use instructions not supported by
the original 8088/8086 processors
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Sustainable computing - Power management
1
ACPI is a successor to an earlier IntelMicrosoft standard called Advanced
Power Management, which allows a
computer's BIOS to control power
management functions.
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Sustainable computing - Operating system support
Further iterations of Windows added
hibernate (suspend-to-disk) and
support for the Advanced Configuration
and Power Interface|ACPI standard
1
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NTLDR - NT kernel switches
By default, Windows Server 2003
Service Pack 2 (SP2) uses the PM
timer for all multiprocessor Advanced
Programmable Interrupt
Controller|APIC or Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI Hardware abstraction
layer|HALs
1
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Hal.dll - Hal.dll
1
Among the criteria for this selection are
the presence of an Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPIcompatible BIOS, the presence of an
Advanced Programmable Interrupt
Controller|APIC, and whether or not
multiple processors are present and
enabled
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Extensible Firmware Interface - Advantages
1
* Ability to boot from large disks (over 2
tebibyte|TiB) with a GUID Partition Table,
GPT.Large disk support and features such
as Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface (ACPI) and SMBIOS|System
Management BIOS (SMBIOS) were
subsequently implemented in BIOS-based
systems.
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Windows Server 2000 - New and updated features
1
Windows 2000 is also the first Windows
version to support Hibernate
(computing)|hibernation at the
Operating System level (OS-controlled
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI S4 sleep state) unlike
Windows 98 which required special
drivers from the hardware
manufacturer or driver developer.
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OSx86 - Chameleon
1
The bootloader supports ACPI, SMBIOS, graphics,
ethernet, and some other injections
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BIOS - BIOS Boot Specification
The specification can be
downloaded from the ACPICA
website
1
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BIOS - BIOS Boot Specification
1
.[http://www.acpica.org/documentati
on/related_documents.php BIOS Boot
Specification (Version 1.01, 11 January
1996)]
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BIOS - Changing role of the BIOS
Later BIOS took on more complex
functions, by way of interfaces such as
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI; these functions include
power management, hot swapping,
thermal management.
1
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BIOS - SLIC
1
(It is often casually called a BIOS tattoo or
a tattooed BIOS.) This SLIC is inserted in
the ACPI table and contains no active
code
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Berry Linux - Features
1
The full version (v1.12) includes and
runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.4. It has the
Advanced Linux Sound
Architecture|ALSA sound system,
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI support, and SELinux.
Berry Linux features automatic
hardware detection, with support for
many graphics cards, sound cards,
SCSI, USB devices and many other
peripherals. Network devices are
automatically configured with DHCP.
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Fishing - Cultural impact
1
* Religious impact: Fishing has had an effect on all
major religions, including
Islam,[http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/1031/p01s0
4-woaf.html African fishermen find way of
conservation in the Koran] The Christian Science
Monitor
Christianity,[http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_i
d=1246 A Misunderstood Analogy for Evangelism]
Bible Analysis
Article[http://www.americanbible.org/brcpages/Fis
handFishing American Bible Society Article]
American Bible Society Buddhism, Jainism,
Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, and the various new
age[http://www.cafeastrology.com/zodiacpisces.ht
ml About Pices the Fish] The Astrology Cafe
Monitor religions
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Laura Mvula - Studio albums
| Outstanding World Music
Albumhttp://www.naacpimageawards.net/no
minees/recording/
1
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Health care in the United States - Care coordination
Brown, M.D.; American Family
Physician The use of hospitalists is
sometimes mandated by health
insurance companies as a cost-saving
measure which is resented by some
primary care
physicians.[http://www.acpinternist.org/
archives/1999/05/hosps.htm Use of
mandatory hospitalists blasted],
American College of Physicians
1
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ASL (disambiguation) - Computing
1
* ACPI Source Language, a language used to
produce AML bytecode stored in ACPI tables
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SeaBIOS - Overview
1
SeaBIOS has support for Advanced power
management|APM 1.2, Enhanced Disk Drive
(EDD) 3.0 (INT 13H extensions), System
Management BIOS|SMBIOS 2.4,
MultiProcessor Specification, BIOS Boot
Specification (BBS) and Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI. It
does not support Extended System
Configuration Data|ESCD. SeaBIOS' boot
device selection menu can be accessed by
pressing key during the boot process.
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Cold Boot Attack - Power management
For systems using the Hibernate (OS
feature)|hibernation feature (ACPI power
states|ACPI state S4), the encryption
system must either dismount all encrypted
disks when entering hibernation, or the
hibernation file or partition would need to
be encrypted as part of the disk encryption
system.
1
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Cold Boot Attack - Power management
1
By contrast sleep mode (ACPI power
states|ACPI states S1, S2 and S3) is
generally unsafe, as encryption keys
will remain vulnerable in the
computer's memory, allowing the
computer to read encrypted data after
waking up or after reading back the
memory contents. Configuring an
operating system to shut down or
hibernate when unused, instead of
using sleep mode, can help mitigate
this risk.
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Unified EFI Forum - Overview
1
ACPI Revision 5.0 is used as the starting
point from which future ACPI version(s)
will be developed.
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American Megatrends - Technical problems
1
The problem is related to the ACPI _OSI
method, which is used by ACPI to
determine the OS version (in case an
ACPI patch only applies to one specific
OS)
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UEFI - Advantages
* ability to boot from large disks (over
2terabyte|TB) with a GUID Partition Table
(GPT)Large disk support and features
such as Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface (ACPI) and
SMBIOS|System Management BIOS
(SMBIOS) were subsequently
implemented in BIOS-based systems.
1
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Coreboot - Coreboot stages
1
# RAM stage: device enumeration and
resource assignment, ACPI table
creation, SMM handler (a bit like DXE
stage in EFI)
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Bootkit - Bootkits
1
Although not malware in the sense of doing something the
user doesn't want, certain Vista Loader or Windows Loader
software works in a similar way by injecting an Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI SLIC (System
Licensed Internal Code) table in the RAM-cached version of
the BIOS during boot, in order to defeat the Microsoft Product
Activation|Windows Vista and Windows 7 activation
process.Peter Kleissner, The Rise of MBR Rootkits And
Bootkits in the Wild, Hacking at Random (2009) [http://www.stonedvienna.com/downloads/The%20Rise%20of%20MBR%20Root
kits%20%20Bootkits%20in%20the%20Wild.pdf text];
[http://www.stonedvienna.com/downloads/Presentation%20HAR.pdf
slides][http://windows-loader.software.informer.com/ Windows
Loader - Software Informer
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Bootkit - Firmware and Hardware
John Heasman demonstrated the
viability of firmware rootkits in both
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI firmware routines and in
a conventional PCI|PCI expansion card
read-only memory|ROM.
1
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VBR invocation - Invocation
BIOS Boot Specification 1.01
([https://www.acpica.org/download/s
pecsbbs101.pdf]).Compaq Computer
Corporation, Phoenix Technologies
Ltd, Intel Corporation (1994-05-05)
1
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Raimon Panikkar - About Panikkar
* D'Sa, Francis X. Panikkar, Raimon
(1918-2010). ACPI Encyclopedia of
Philosophy. Ed. Johnson J.
Puthenpurackal. Bangalore: ATC (2010).
2:1005-1009.
1
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Southbridge (computing) - Functionality
1
*Power management (Advanced Power
Management|APM and Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI).
The APM or ACPI functions provide
methods and signaling to allow the
computer to sleep or shut down to save
power.
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Lithophones - Notable examples
1
* A rudimentary form of lithophone is the rock
gong, usually a natural rock formation
opportunistically adapted to produce musical
tones, such as that on Mfangano Island, in
Lake Victoria, Kenya. The Great Stalacpipe
Organ of Luray Caverns, Virginia, USA uses
37 stalactites to produce the
Musical_scale#Scales_in_Western_music|W
estern scale. Another stalactite lithophone is
to be found at Tenkasi in South India. Ringing
Rocks|Ringing Rocks Park in Pennsylvania is
another well known lithophone.
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ACPI Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Puthenpurackal, Introduction, ACPI
Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Bangalore: ATC,
2010), p
1
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ACPI Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Activities
1
A recent major activity was the publication of the
ACPI Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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ACPI Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Publications
1
In 2010, the association published the
ACPI Encyclopedia of Philosophy, eds
Johnson J. Puthenpurackal and George
Panthanmackel. Bangalore: Asian
Trading Corporation, 2010.See notice
by Paul Gilbert, in Gregorianum
'94'/3 (2013) 663-664.
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Wake-on-LAN - Troubleshooting magic packets
1
In Windows Vista and higher, one can also
determine how the OS was powered up.
Running the powercfg /lastwake command in
a CMD prompt will list the Wake Source. The
Wake-on-LAN event should also be logged in
the System event
log.[http://download.microsoft.com/download/
5/b/9/5b97017b-e28a-4bae-ba48174cf47d23cd/cpa002_wh06.ppt Powerpoint
Presentation:ACPI In Windows Vista], Allen
Marshall, WinHEC 2006, Microsoft
Corporation
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Wake-on-LAN - Hardware implementations
In most modern PCs, Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI is notified of the
waking up and take control of the
Power up. In ACPI, OSPM must record
the wake source or the device that is
causing the power-up. The device
being the Soft power switch, the NIC
(via Wake-on-LAN), the cover being
opened, a temperature change, etc.
1
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Wake-on-LAN - Microsoft Windows
For full support of a device's WoL
capabilities (such as the ability to wake
from an ACPI S5 power off state),
installation of the full driver suite from
the network device manufacturer may
be necessary, rather than the bare
driver provided by Microsoft or the
computer manufacturer
1
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Tabaco - City Hymn
Official hymn of the city written and
composed by Crispin Nacpil Cadiang. The
words of this hymn was a collaboration
with former mayor Krisel Lagman-Luistro.
This was first sang and played during the
10th Cityhood Anniversary of the city on
March 24, 2011:
1
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Standby
**Standby, (or ACPI S3) an Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI mode
of a computer
1
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Technical features new to Windows Vista - Kernel and core OS changes
* Full support for the Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI
2.0 specification, and parts of ACPI
3.0.[http://download.microsoft.com/downlo
ad/9/c/5/9c5b2167-8017-4bae-9fded599bac8184a/kernel-en.doc Windows NT
6.x Kernel Changes]. (Word document)
Support for throttling power usage of
individual devices has been improved.
1
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Red Tails - Awards
1
Later, in February 2013, Red Tails won the
NAACP Image Award in the categories of
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Motion
Picture|Outstanding Motion Picture and
Outstanding Independent Motion Picture at
the 44th NAACP Image
Awards.[http://www.naacpimageawards.net/n
ominees/motion-picture/ 44th NAACP Image
Awards.] National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
Retrieved: February 4, 2013.
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Windows 98 SE - Windows 98 Second Edition
1
Also included is basic Open Host Controller
Interface|OHCI-compliant FireWire (IEEE
1394a) DV camcorder support (MSDV class
driver) and SBP-2 support for mass storage
class
devices,[http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/windows/hardware/gg454506#E3AAC
IEEE 1394 and the Windows platform] WakeOn-LAN support (if ACPI compatible Network
Driver Interface Specification|NDIS drivers
are present) and Internet Connection
Sharing, which allows multiple computers on
a Local area network|LAN to share a single
Internet connection through Network Address
Translation
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List of computing and IT abbreviations - A
* Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI—Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface
1
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Filter driver
1
Filters may work on a certain brand of
device such as a mouse
(computing)|mouse or computer
keyboard|keyboard, or they may
perform some operation on a class of
devices, such as any mouse or any
keyboard. Another type of filter driver
is the bus filter driver, which may be
added on top of the bus driver. For
example, an Advanced Configuration
and Power Interface|ACPI bus filter is
added to support power management
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Intel processor - Mobile Pentium 4-M
1
* Supports Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface|ACPI 2.0 and Advanced
Power Management|APM 1.2 System
Power Management
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Microsoft Windows 2000 - New and updated features
1
Windows 2000 is also the first Windows
version to support Hibernate
(computing)|hibernation at the operating
system level (OS-controlled Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI
S4 sleep state) unlike Windows 98 which
required special drivers from the hardware
manufacturer or driver developer.
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Aiden Spencer - T. J. Ashford
1
In 2014, Richmond was nominated for a
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding
Actor in a Daytime Drama Series, for
his portrayal of
TJ.http://www.naacpimageawards.net/n
ominees/television/
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Legacy Plug and Play - Specifications
1
These roles were later assumed by the
Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface|ACPI standard, which also
moves support for power management
and configuration into the operating
system, as opposed to the firmware as
previously required by the Plug and Play
BIOS and Advanced Power
Management|APM specifications
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Hibernate (OS feature) - Microsoft Windows
1
On Windows computers, hibernation
is available only if 'all' hardware and
device driver|device drivers are ACPI
and plug-and-play–compliant.
Hibernation can be invoked from the
Start menu or the command
line.[http://support.microsoft.com/k
b/555569/ Microsoft Help and Support
– How To Put the System into
hibernation or Standby from Run
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Hibernate (OS feature) - Microsoft Windows
However, hibernation often caused
problems since most hardware was not
fully ACPI 1.0 compliant or did not have
Windows Driver Model|WDM drivers
1
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Hibernate (OS feature) - Microsoft Windows
1
Windows 2000 is the first Windows to
support hibernation at the operating
system level (OS-controlled ACPI S4
sleep state) without special drivers
from the hardware manufacturer. A
hidden system file named hiberfil.sys
in the root of the boot partition is used
to store the contents of RAM when the
computer hibernates. In Windows
2000, this file is as big as the total
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Turbo Boost
1
Processor performance states are
defined by the Advanced
Configuration and Power
Interface|Advanced Configuration
and Power Interface (ACPI)
specification, an open standard
supported by all major operating
systems; no additional software or
drivers are required to support the
technology
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Turbo Boost - History
1
When the operating system instructed
one of the active cores to enter C3
sleep state using the Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface
(ACPI), the other active core(s)
dynamically accelerated to a higher
frequency.
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QI (F series) - Episode 7 Fingers Fumbs
1
*The world's largest organ (music)|organ is
The Great Stalacpipe Organ (forfeit: a blue
whale), found in Luray Caverns, Virginia. It
is a cave renovated by Leland W. Sprinkle,
the stalactites emit a sound when struck
with a hammer.
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Pipe Mania - Later versions
1
Many clones of Pipe Mania have been
produced, under titles such as
Wallpipe, Oilcap, Oilcap Pro, MacPipes,
Pipe Master, Pipeworks, DragonSnot,
PipeNightDreams, and Fun2Link
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BIOS setup - Extensions
The specification can be
downloaded from the ACPICA
website
1
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BIOS setup - Modern use
1
Later BIOS implementations took on
more complex functions, by including
interfaces such as Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface
(ACPI); these functions include power
management, hot swapping, and
thermal management. At the same
time, since 2010 BIOS technology is in
a transitional process toward the
Unified Extensible Firmware
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Jabari Asim - Fiction
In January 2011, A Taste of Honey was
nominated for Outstanding Literary Work Fiction, 42nd NAACP Image
Awards[http://www.naacpimageawards.net
/42/nominees-and-honorees/literature/
Nominees for Literature], NAACP Image
Awards.
1
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Buddy Jewell - Biography
After graduating from Osceola High
School (Arkansas)|Osceola High School,
he attended Arkansas State University
where he was a member of Pi Kappa
Alpha.http://www.pxdrive.com/album/BUD
DY+JEWELL_pictures_sgacpic/ Jewell
majored in television and radio in college,
although he left in his junior year to marry,
despite the marriage only lasting two-anda-half years.
1
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Pinar del Río Province - History
1
That is why there are Filipino or ChineseFilipino sounding surnames in Cuba, such
as Tampico, Magalan (from Magalang or to
show respect), Batunbacal (from
Batungbakal), Maquilin, Sumayao (to
dance), Parian (surname)|Parian, Mabolo,
Pilapil, Alimoron (from Alimurung), Nacpil,
Gotiaco, Piat (surname)|Piat, Singson or
Singzon, Tuason or Tuazon, Hizon or
Hison, Dizon (surname)|Dizon or Dison,
Hinojosa (surname)|Hinojosa or
Hinohosa, Gandionco, Quiambao,
Salambao, Puyat, Edralin, et al.
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