Transcript Animal Like Protist: Protozoans

Animal Like Protist: Protozoans
Ms. Sheldon
Microbiology
OVERVIEW
• Protozoa - 1st animal
• Distinguished by movement
ZOOFLAGELLATES OVERVIEW
• Swim using flagella (tail like projections)
• Phylum ZOOMASTIGINA called
Zooflagellates
• Usually only one or two flagella
ZOOFLAGELLATES FEEDING
• Absorb food through cell membrane
• Lakes, streams that have decaying organic
matter
• Live in the bodies of other organisms, eat
already digested food
ZOOFLAGELLATESREPRODUCTION
• Asexually by mitosis and cytokinesis
• Sexual reproduction includes gamete cells
SARCODINES - OVERVIEW
• Phylum SARCODINA
• Cytoplasmic projections - PSEUDOPODS
• Amoebas – flexible, active cells with thick
pseudopods
• AMOEBOID MOVEMENT – using pseudopods
SARCODINES - FEEDING
• Capture and digest particles of food
• Surround meal and then absorb through a
food vacuole
SARCODINES REPRODUCTION
• Mitosis and Cytokinesis
SARCODINA FORAMINIFERANS
• Warmer ocean
• Calcium carbonate shells
• Die and the shells accumulate at the ocean
bottoms
• White Chalk Cliffs of Dover, England
SARCODINA - HELIOZOANS
• Sun animal
• Thick spikes of cytoplasm, supported by
microtubules project from their silica shells
• Look like sun rays
CILIATES - OVERVIEW
• CILIA – short hair like projections
• Phylum CILIIOPHORA
• Fresh and Salt water
• Free Living
CILIATES INTERNAL
ANATOMY
• Genus PARAMECIUM
• Cilia evenly spaced that beat regularly
• Cell Membrane – TRICHOCYSTS just
below surface – Bottle Like Structure that
extend when the cell is threatened
CILIATES INTERNAL
ANATOMY
• Two nuclei
• MACRONUCLEUS
– Working library, multiple copies of genetic
information for day to day existence
• MICRONUCLEUS
– Reserve copy of the cell’s genes
CILIATES INTERNAL
ANATOMY
• Cilia sweep food into the GULLET –
indentation that forms a food vacuole when
food is present
• Food Vacuoles meet with Lysosomes that
digest the food
• Waste leaves out food vacuole that is taken
to the ANAL PORE
CILIATES WATER
•
•
•
•
Osmosis moves freshwater
Excess is collected in vacuoles
These vacuoles empty into canals
These canals form a star shape with the
CONTRACTILE VACUOLE at the center
• When to full it contracts and expends water
out of the paramecium
CILIATES CONJUGATION
• Asexually with Mitosis and Cytokines most
of the time
• Under stress they exchange genetic
information using CONJUGATION
CILIATES CONJUGATION
• Two paramecium attach to each other
• Diploid micronuclei undergo meiosis and
you have four micronuclei, three
disintegrate
• The remaining one divides to form a pair
• The cells exchange micronuclei
• The macronuclei disintegrates
• New Macronuclei is formed
SIDE NOTE
• Conjugation is not a form of reproduction
since no new individuals are formed
• Is however a sexual process because it uses
meiosis to form new genetic combinations
SPOROZOANS OVERVIEW
• Parasite
• Do not move on their own
• Usually involve one or most host in their life cycle
• Reproduce using Sporozoites that can attach to a
host and live within
DISEASE
• Some animal like protists cause serious
disease, including Malaria and African
Sleeping Sickness
ECOLOGY
• Some live Symbiotically within other Organisms
– TRICHONUMPHA lives in digestive track of a termite,
allows termite to eat wood, termites are lacking the
digestive enzymes to break down cellulose in wood
– This is done by producing cellulase an enzyme that
breaks down the chemical bonds in cellulose
• Recycle Nutrients
• Food Source