Transcript Europe`s Middle Ages PowerPoint

Europe’s Middle
Ages
Part 1:
Feudalism and Chivalry
Introductory Question
• Please discuss and respond in groups:
What do you think of when you hear
the terms / or associate with Europe’s
“Dark Ages”/Middle Ages/ Medieval
Times?
Video: How dark were the Dark Ages?
Nobility and Chivalry
• Chivalry = idealized set of values
and behaviors knights and nobility
should uphold (#7)
• Chivalry was a civilized behavior
that developed among the nobility
• Helped to refine soldiers’ rough behavior
• Defined European standards of civilized
manners and ethical conduct
• Influenced European concepts of gentlemanly
behavior (#8)
Chivalrous Behavior
9. What are some features of chivalry?
10. Are there any modern equivalents
of chivalry?
Feudalism
• Roman Empire and Charlemagne’s Empire fell…invaders posed a large threat
to the people of Europe. Kings and Rulers found it difficult to protect their
people (#2)
• People turned to local lords and nobles for protection and land in return for
service = FEUDALISM IS BORN (#1)
• Knights (or vassals) protected the noble’s land and people; and had great
social status. In return for their service, knights received their horses, armor,
weapons, and land from lords (#3)
• Feudal Contract = unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a
lord and his vassal/knights (servants)… (#4)
• Nobles had all the land, but
peasants worked on the land
• Manor = agricultural estate that
the lord ran and owned and
peasants worked on the land
• Serf = peasants who were legally
bound to the land of a manor.
• They worked on the manor,
providing labor services, paying
rent, and were subject to the lord’s
control.
• In return, they had a place to live
on the Manor and protection from
the lord and his knights.
Manorial System
Rights and Responsibilities of the Lords
• Lords had political authority on their lands and the right to keep serfs
on the land
• They could not take a serf’s lands away
• Were required to provide serfs with safety.
Europe’s Middle
Ages
Part 2:
The Revival in Western Europe
and the Magna Carta
Causes of Revival in Western Europe
• Look at pages 198 – 200. On the back side of your worksheet:
• Read about gradual revival of trade in Europe. How did that
impact or influence the economy?
• How did trade cause a growth or revival of cities?
Common Law and the Magna Carta
• Revived trade  Growth of cities and their economies  European
kingdoms grew and their kings became more vital to society.
• As a result, common law (laws that were common throughout the
whole kingdom, based on King’s royal control) began to overshadow
the Feudal contracts.
Look at page 202:
How did the growth of a king’s
power and common law lead to the
creation of the Magna Carta? What
did the Magna Carta say?
Europe’s Middle
Ages
Part 3:
Christianity and the Crusades
Significance of the Catholic Church
• Popes of Catholic Church gained control of territories in central Italy and other
areas of Europe  church became involved in political matters
• Church became involved in the feudal system allowing lords to choose bishops
and abbots as their vassals  religious figures less concerned with spiritual
duties, more concerns about power and money
• 1073, Pope Gregory believes he has authority over entire Christian world and
its rulers (kings, lords, etc)
• People in Middle Age believed the only path to reach salvation was by serving
the Church and its leaders (pope, bishops, abbots, etc)
Reasons for the Crusades
Catholic Church wanted to:
1. Spread Christianity
throughout as much of the
world as possible
2. Stop the spread of Islam
3. Regain control of the Holy
lands (JERUSALEM)
Impact of the Crusades
• Catholic Church did not regain the Holy Lands
• Significant loss of life
• Trade greatly increased = a greater interest in trade
• Led to attacks not only on Muslims, but Jews in Europe and the
Middle East as well
• Led to a break down of feudalism (nobles joining the crusades sold
their land and freed their serfs)
• Kings gained more control and created stronger central governments
• Development of true nation-states in Europe  Spain, England, and
France emerged as the strongest three.